Overview
PEG-12 is a polymer of ethylene oxide with an average molecular weight of 600 g/mol. It is widely used in industries due to its excellent solubility, stability, and non-toxic nature. PEG-12 is commonly employed as a solvent, thickener, or lubricant in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and industrial applications. Its versatility stems from its ability to dissolve both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, making it a valuable ingredient in formulations requiring controlled viscosity or moisture retention. The polymer is synthesized through the polymerization of ethylene oxide, resulting in a range of molecular weights tailored to specific uses.
Physical and Chemical Properties
PEG-12 appears as a colorless viscous liquid or waxy solid at room temperature, depending on its molecular weight distribution. It has a density of 1.12 g/cm³ and melts between 20-25°C, transitioning to a liquid state suitable for blending with other compounds. The polymer is highly soluble in water and many organic solvents, including alcohols and glycol ethers. Its hygroscopic nature allows it to absorb moisture from the environment, which can be advantageous in formulations requiring humectant properties. Chemically, PEG-12 is stable under normal conditions but may degrade at high temperatures or in strongly acidic or alkaline environments.
Main Applications
In pharmaceuticals, PEG-12 serves as a solvent or excipient in oral and topical formulations, enhancing drug solubility and bioavailability. It is also used as a base for ointments and suppositories due to its non-irritating properties. The cosmetics industry utilizes PEG-12 as an emollient, thickener, or delivery agent in creams, lotions, and hair care products. Its ability to improve texture and spreadability makes it a popular choice. Industrially, PEG-12 functions as a lubricant, plasticizer, or anti-static agent in processes ranging from textile manufacturing to metalworking.
Safety and Storage
PEG-12 is generally regarded as safe for use in regulated applications, with low toxicity and minimal environmental impact. However, prolonged skin contact should be avoided to prevent potential irritation, and inhalation of vapors during high-temperature processing should be minimized. Proper storage involves keeping the material in sealed containers at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Bulk storage tanks should be equipped with nitrogen blanketing to prevent oxidation. Shelf life typically exceeds two years when stored correctly, though periodic quality checks are recommended for critical applications.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing PEG-12, buyers should specify the required purity grade, as pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications often require higher standards than industrial uses. Certificates of Analysis (CoA) should be requested to verify molecular weight distribution and impurity levels. Suppliers should demonstrate compliance with relevant regulations such as USP, EP, or FDA standards where applicable. Pricing varies based on quantity, with bulk purchases (tonnage) typically offering significant discounts. Lead times can range from 2-6 weeks depending on supplier inventory and geographic location, so advance planning is advisable for large orders.
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