Overview
Human Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is an 84-amino acid peptide secreted by the parathyroid glands. As the primary regulator of calcium homeostasis, it acts on bones, kidneys, and intestines to increase serum calcium levels. The N-terminal 1-34 fragment retains full biological activity and is used therapeutically. PTH exists in multiple forms including intact PTH (1-84) and various fragments. Its secretion is inversely regulated by serum calcium levels through calcium-sensing receptors. The hormone's discovery in 1925 revolutionized understanding of mineral metabolism disorders.
Physical and Chemical Properties
PTH is a single-chain polypeptide with a molecular weight of approximately 9.5 kDa. The lyophilized powder is stable when stored at -20°C but degrades rapidly in solution at room temperature. It shows maximum stability at pH 4-5. The hormone's tertiary structure includes a hydrophobic core and receptor-binding domain (residues 1-34). Its solubility depends on pH and ionic strength, with optimal solubility in dilute acetic acid. PTH is susceptible to oxidation at methionine residues and proteolytic degradation, requiring careful handling.
Main Applications
In clinical practice, recombinant PTH (1-34) (teriparatide) treats osteoporosis by stimulating bone formation. It's the only FDA-approved anabolic agent for osteoporosis, typically administered via daily injection. Research applications include studying calcium metabolism, bone remodeling pathways, and developing PTH-related protein (PTHrP) analogs. Diagnostic labs use PTH assays to differentiate hyperparathyroidism from malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Emerging applications explore PTH's role in cardiovascular and neurological systems.
Safety and Storage
PTH requires strict temperature control; lyophilized form remains stable for years at -20°C, while reconstituted solutions should be used immediately or stored at 2-8°C for ≤24 hours. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles to prevent degradation. Personnel should wear PPE when handling due to potential biological activity. Overexposure may cause hypercalcemia symptoms (nausea, confusion). Spills should be neutralized with dilute acid before disposal according to biomedical waste protocols.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing PTH, prioritize suppliers with ISO 13485 or GMP certification for clinical-grade material. Key specifications include: ≥95% purity (HPLC), verified biological activity (in vitro cAMP assay), and endotoxin levels <1 EU/μg. For research use, consider cost-effective alternatives like synthetic fragments (1-34). Bulk purchases (≥100mg) typically offer 15-30% discounts. Lead times average 4-6 weeks for custom synthesis. Always request COA and stability data, particularly for long-term studies.
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