Overview
Iodine is a halogen element discovered in 1811 by French chemist Bernard Courtois. It is the heaviest essential element required by living organisms, primarily for the synthesis of thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Naturally occurring in seawater and certain minerals, iodine is commercially extracted from brine or caliche ore. In its pure form, iodine appears as a lustrous, purple-black crystalline solid that sublimes readily to form a violet vapor. This characteristic makes it useful in various industrial and medical applications, from disinfectants to specialized chemical synthesis.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Iodine exhibits unique physical properties, including a high density (4.93 g/cm³) and the ability to sublime at room temperature, transitioning directly from a solid to a gas. Its violet vapors are highly visible and distinctive. Chemically, iodine is a moderate oxidizing agent, reacting with metals, hydrogen, and other elements to form iodides. The element is sparingly soluble in water but dissolves readily in organic solvents like ethanol or chloroform, forming brown solutions. Its reactivity is lower than other halogens like chlorine or bromine, making it safer to handle under controlled conditions. Iodine forms polyiodide ions in solutions, which are important in analytical chemistry and material science.
Main Applications
The primary use of iodine is in the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism in humans and animals. Iodine compounds like potassium iodide are added to table salt (iodized salt) to prevent deficiencies. In medicine, iodine serves as a potent antiseptic (e.g., povidone-iodine) for wound care and surgical scrubs. Industrially, iodine is used in the manufacture of dyes, pigments, and specialty chemicals. It plays a role in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and photographic films. Additionally, iodine’s radioactive isotope, iodine-131, is employed in nuclear medicine for diagnostics and cancer treatment.
Safety and Storage
Iodine poses several hazards: it is toxic if ingested or inhaled and can cause severe skin and eye irritation. Proper handling requires gloves, goggles, and fume hoods to avoid exposure to its vapors or direct contact. Spills should be neutralized with sodium thiosulfate. Storage demands careful attention—iodine must be kept in tightly sealed, light-resistant containers in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials like ammonia or acetylene. Due to its sublimation tendency, containers may develop internal pressure; vented caps are recommended for large quantities.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring iodine for industrial or pharmaceutical use, prioritize suppliers with certifications such as ISO or GMP to ensure quality. Key specifications include purity grade (e.g., USP for pharmaceuticals, reagent for labs) and packaging (e.g., 1 kg bottles or 25 kg drums). Bulk pricing varies by quantity and purity, with technical-grade iodine being more economical for non-medical applications. Verify logistics options, as iodine may require hazardous material shipping labels. Long-term contracts with reliable producers can mitigate price volatility linked to raw material (e.g., caliche ore) availability.
Related Manufacturers
- 主营：石油醚、四氢噻吩、顺酐、苯酐
- 主营：四氢噻吩、乙硫醇、单氰胺、二甲基二硫醚、3-甲硫基丙醛、四氢吡咯、邻氯苯腈、噻吩、盐酸羟胺、硬脂酸锌、异丙胺、氯乙酸、氟硼酸
- 主营：二甲基亚砜、乙二醇、丙二醇、对碘苯甲酰胺、DMAC
- 主营：橡胶油、白芷油、7782-92-5、对碘苯甲酸、pbtcaona4、艾叶油、二甲基、桉树醇、2905-60-4、5989-81-1、重质苯、活性炭、1305-62-0、1192-62-7、安息油、9005-32-7、正辛烷、7775-27-1、8050-09-7、1739-84-0、7786-30-3、黄糊精、6920-22-5、三辛胺、1897-52-5、7727-21-1
- 主营：二氧化硒、硫氰酸钠、九水硫化钠、对甲苯磺酸、4-对二氯苄、对苯二甲酸二甲酯、硫化钡、氢氧化钡、苯甲酰氯、三硫代碳酸钠、还原铁粉、氟硅酸铵、氟化钾、黄血盐钾、氟化钠、黄血盐钠、过氧化苯甲酰、AC发泡剂、异丙醇铝、多硫化钠、铁氰化钾、5-羟甲基糠醛
- 主营：生物素修饰蛋白、fitc标记蛋白、聚苯乙烯微球、pvc微球、嵌段共聚物、生物素标记、荧光标记、纳米颗粒、核苷糖、aie、复合微球、功能化载玻片、荧光染料、金属配合物、Mxene、介孔二氧化硅微球、磁性纳米颗粒、小分子PEG、聚合物、纳米金、聚合物微球、荧光微球、荧光探针、点击化学、小分子
- 主营：杜仲素、丙烯酸酯、二氧化硫脲、对位酯、乙基麦芽酚、饲料添加剂、油酸基硬脂酸、二苯基硅二醇
- 主营：甘氨酸、水苏糖、阻燃剂、碘甲苯、硫酸锌、硫酸锆、硫酸锂、硫酸锶、硫酸锰、铝酸锌、1680-21-3、牛磺酸、褪黑素、磷酸铁、丙酸铵、苏云金、碳酸镁、麝香酮、肉桂醛、磷酸铝、王浆酸、椰油胺、赖氨酸、增塑剂、浸膏粉、乙氧基
- 主营：全氟三丁胺、二苄叉山梨醇、六氟丙烯二聚体、碘苯甲醚、六氟环氧丙烷二聚体、纳米勃姆石、二异戊基硫醚、凉味剂WS-10、光引发剂2022、四氯羟铝锆GLY配位、氯化亚锡、六氟异丙醇、氟化液、薄荷醇PCA酯、新戊二醇二庚酸酯、氰基硼氢化钠、聚六亚甲基胍磷酸盐、钒粉、泊洛沙姆188、4-氯苯硼酸、氨基磺酸钴
- 主营：聚乙烯亚胺、三甘醇二异辛酸酯3G8、三硫代碳酸钠40%、对碘苯甲酸厂家、TS-1钛硅分子筛、六氯环三磷腈、5-甲基靛红、烷基苯磺酸酯、苯基次磷酸钠、甲巯咪唑、吡啶硫酮锌、焦磷酸哌嗪、热敏材料、油酸甲酯、曲酸
- 主营：对碘苯胺、高铁酸钾
- 主营：黄丹粉、柠檬酸、导热油、对碘甲苯价格、漂白粉、707乳液、氧化铝、氯化钙、木质素、防腐剂、除锈剂、防锈剂、酒石酸、抗氧剂、松香工业、碳酸氢铵、醋酸铅、碳酸铅
- 主营：固体酸催化剂、重组胶原蛋白、硅油、碘苯胺、特种硅油、聚硅氮烷、硼酸铝晶须、碳化硅晶须、t-BAMBP萃取剂、全氟三丁胺
- 主营：无氟防水剂、碳六防水剂、防水剂、水性防水剂、油性防水剂、C6防水剂、C8防水剂、C0防水剂、碳八防水剂、防水助剂、防水整理剂、开油水、稀释剂、清洗剂、天那水、洗网水、防虹吸、防泼水、动态防水、除油剂、除锈剂、飞织防水、网布防水、鞋面防水
- 主营：无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯、磷酸、碘苯胺、甲醇、乙二醇、二氯甲烷、异丙醇、二甲苯、各种化学试剂、化工原料