Overview
Hydrated lime, chemically known as calcium hydroxide, is produced by slaking quicklime (calcium oxide) with water. This exothermic reaction results in a fine white powder that has been used for centuries in various applications. The compound is valued for its alkaline properties and reactivity with acids and carbon dioxide. In industrial contexts, hydrated lime is typically supplied in bulk bags or smaller packaging for convenient handling. The material plays a critical role in numerous industrial processes, particularly where pH adjustment or calcium supplementation is required. Its versatility makes it essential across multiple sectors.
Physical and Chemical Properties
As a white, odorless powder, hydrated lime has a slightly bitter taste and alkaline nature with a pH of about 12.4 in solution. The compound's low solubility in water creates saturated solutions known as limewater, while excess material forms milk of lime. The chemical stability of hydrated lime is moderate, as it gradually reacts with atmospheric carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate. This carbonation process is exploited in some applications like mortar setting. The material's heat of solution is significant, releasing approximately 1.1 kJ per gram when dissolved in water.
Main Applications
In construction, hydrated lime serves as a key ingredient in mortars and plasters, improving workability and durability. The water treatment industry uses it for pH adjustment, heavy metal removal, and softening of hard water. Municipal applications include sewage treatment and flue gas desulfurization. Agricultural uses include soil amendment to reduce acidity and provide calcium nutrition. The food industry employs food-grade hydrated lime in processes like corn treatment for tortilla production. Other specialized applications include leather tanning, paper manufacturing, and as a chemical precursor.
Safety and Storage
Hydrated lime requires careful handling due to its caustic nature. Personal protective equipment including gloves, goggles, and dust masks should be worn when handling the powder. Inhalation of dust can irritate respiratory passages, while skin contact may cause burns or dermatitis. Proper storage involves keeping containers tightly sealed in dry conditions to prevent carbonation and moisture absorption. Bulk storage silos should be constructed from appropriate materials to withstand the alkaline environment. Spills should be contained and cleaned promptly with neutralization procedures.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should specify required purity levels (typically 90-95% Ca(OH)₂), particle size distribution, and packaging preferences. Bulk shipments by tanker truck or railcar offer cost advantages for large-scale users, while 25kg or 50lb bags suit smaller operations. Quality verification through certificates of analysis is recommended, particularly for applications with strict impurity limits. Suppliers should demonstrate compliance with relevant industry standards such as ASTM C206 for finishing hydrated lime or EN 459 for construction applications. Lead times may vary seasonally due to agricultural demand cycles.
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