Overview
p-Xylidine is an aromatic amine derived from xylene, primarily used as a chemical intermediate in industrial applications. It belongs to the aniline family and features two methyl groups adjacent to the amino group on the benzene ring, which influence its reactivity. The compound is produced through nitration and reduction processes of xylene derivatives. As a specialty chemical, p-xylidine is critical in synthesizing dyes like azo dyes, where it serves as a coupling agent. Its molecular structure allows for versatile modifications, making it valuable in fine chemical production. Industrial-grade p-xylidine typically has a purity of 98% or higher.
Physical and Chemical Properties
p-Xylidine is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature with a characteristic amine odor. It has a moderate boiling point of 213-215°C and solidifies at 15-16°C. The compound's density (0.98 g/cm³) is slightly lower than water, and it exhibits limited solubility in water but mixes well with most organic solvents. Chemically, p-xylidine acts as a weak base, forming stable salts with acids. Its amino group undergoes typical aromatic amine reactions, including diazotization and acylation. The methyl groups enhance its lipophilicity, affecting its solubility profile and reactivity in organic synthesis.
Main Applications
The primary use of p-xylidine is in the dye industry, where it functions as a key intermediate for producing yellow, orange, and red azo dyes. These dyes are widely employed in textiles, inks, and pigments. In pharmaceuticals, it serves as a building block for synthesizing certain active ingredients and contrast agents. Additionally, p-xylidine finds niche applications in rubber chemicals as an antioxidant precursor and in agrochemicals for pesticide formulations. Its derivatives are also explored in research for advanced materials, though these uses remain limited to laboratory-scale production.
Safety and Storage
p-Xylidine poses health hazards upon exposure, including toxicity through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. It can cause methemoglobinemia and irritate mucous membranes. Proper PPE (gloves, goggles, respirators) and engineering controls (fume hoods) are mandatory during handling. Storage requires tightly sealed containers in well-ventilated areas, away from oxidizers and strong acids to prevent hazardous reactions. Spills should be contained with inert absorbents and disposed of as hazardous waste. Regulatory compliance with OSHA, REACH, and local chemical safety guidelines is essential for industrial users.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO certification and documented quality control processes. Key specifications to verify include CAS number (95-78-3), purity (≥98%), and water content (<0.5%). Batch-specific COA (Certificate of Analysis) and SDS are non-negotiable documents. Procurement strategies should consider bulk purchasing (drums or IBCs) for cost efficiency, with logistics planning for hazardous material transport. Regional suppliers in China, India, and Europe often offer competitive pricing, but regulatory compliance (e.g., TSCA, REACH) must be confirmed. Long-term contracts may secure stable pricing amidst market fluctuations.
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