Overview
Oxalic acid, chemically known as ethanedioic acid, is a naturally occurring organic compound found in many plants. It is widely used in industrial applications due to its strong chelating and reducing properties. The compound is synthesized industrially by oxidizing carbohydrates or ethylene glycol. In its pure form, oxalic acid appears as a white crystalline powder. It is highly soluble in water and forms stable salts with metals, which makes it valuable in metal cleaning and polishing processes.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Oxalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with a molecular weight of 90.03 g/mol. It has a high melting point of 189-191°C and decomposes upon further heating. The compound is hygroscopic and forms a dihydrate (C2H2O4·2H2O) under humid conditions. Its key chemical property is its ability to act as a reducing agent, forming complexes with metal ions. This makes it effective in rust removal and metal surface treatment. Oxalic acid is also a strong acid, with a pKa1 of 1.25 and pKa2 of 4.14, contributing to its corrosive nature.
Main Applications
Oxalic acid is primarily used in industrial cleaning and metal treatment. It is a key ingredient in rust removers, metal polishes, and wood bleaching agents. The textile industry employs it as a mordant in dyeing processes. In the pharmaceutical sector, oxalic acid is used in the synthesis of certain drugs. It also finds applications in beekeeping for controlling varroa mites and in rare earth metal extraction due to its chelating properties.
Safety and Storage
Oxalic acid is highly corrosive and toxic if ingested or inhaled. Proper personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and respirators, must be worn when handling. It should be stored in a cool, dry place away from oxidizing agents and bases. Spills should be neutralized with a weak base like sodium bicarbonate and cleaned immediately. The compound is regulated in many countries due to its toxicity, and proper disposal methods must be followed.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring oxalic acid, purity is a critical factor - industrial grade typically requires ≥99% purity. Verify supplier certifications such as ISO 9001 and check for batch analysis reports. Packaging options include 25kg bags or 250kg drums. Consider transportation costs and storage requirements when ordering in bulk. For international shipments, ensure compliance with local regulations regarding hazardous materials.
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