Overview
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polyether compound synthesized via polymerization of ethylene oxide. Its versatility stems from adjustable molecular weights (ranging from 200 to over 35,000 Da), enabling tailored viscosity and solubility. PEG is FDA-approved for pharmaceutical and food applications due to its non-toxicity and biocompatibility. First commercialized in the 1940s, PEG is now a cornerstone in industries like medicine (drug delivery, laxatives), personal care (moisturizers), and manufacturing (lubricants, antifoaming agents). Its ability to bind water and dissolve both polar and non-polar substances makes it indispensable.
Physical and Chemical Properties
PEG’s physical state varies from liquids (low molecular weight, e.g., PEG 400) to solids (high MW, e.g., PEG 6000). It exhibits hygroscopicity, absorbing moisture from air, and forms hydrogen bonds with water. Chemically, PEG resists hydrolysis and oxidation under normal conditions but degrades at high temperatures (>200°C) or with strong acids/bases. Notably, PEG’s low vapor pressure minimizes evaporation risks, while its high thermal conductivity suits heat-transfer applications. The compound’s biocompatibility and lack of immunogenicity are critical for medical uses like PEGylated proteins.
Main Applications
In pharmaceuticals, PEG serves as an excipient in tablets, ointments, and suppositories, enhancing drug solubility and stability. PEGylation—attaching PEG chains to proteins—prolongs drug circulation time (e.g., PEG-interferon for hepatitis). The cosmetics industry relies on PEG as emulsifiers and humectants in creams and shampoos. Industrially, PEG acts as a lubricant in textile manufacturing and a base for antifreeze solutions. Its non-reactive nature also makes it ideal for archival paper preservation. Emerging uses include 3D printing bio-inks and battery electrolyte additives.
Safety and Storage
PEG is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA, though high doses may cause osmotic diarrhea. Workplace exposure to PEG dust requires standard particulate controls (e.g., ventilation). Storage recommendations include airtight containers to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid mixing PEG with strong oxidizers (e.g., potassium permanganate) to prevent exothermic reactions. Spills can be cleaned with water due to PEG’s solubility. Always refer to Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for molecular-weight-specific guidelines.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing PEG, specify molecular weight (e.g., PEG 1500 for coatings vs. PEG 8000 for solid binders) and grade (USP/EP for pharmaceuticals). Bulk pricing drops significantly for quantities >1 ton, but verify suppliers’ ISO certification for quality assurance. For niche applications like mRNA vaccines (PEG 2000), prioritize vendors with cGMP compliance. Logistics should account for PEG’s hygroscopicity—moisture-proof packaging is essential. Spot prices fluctuate with ethylene oxide feedstock costs; long-term contracts mitigate volatility.
Related Manufacturers
- 主营：oh、DMG-PEG
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