Overview
Nitrile Rubber (NKG), also known as NBR or Buna-N, is a synthetic copolymer of acrylonitrile and butadiene. It is widely recognized for its exceptional resistance to oils, fuels, and other hydrocarbons, making it indispensable in industries requiring durable elastomers. Developed in the 1930s, NKG has evolved into various grades tailored for specific mechanical and chemical resistance needs. NKG's versatility stems from its adjustable acrylonitrile content, which directly influences its oil resistance and flexibility. Higher acrylonitrile levels enhance oil resistance but reduce low-temperature flexibility, allowing manufacturers to select the optimal grade for their applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
NKG exhibits a unique combination of physical and chemical properties that make it suitable for demanding environments. Its density ranges from 0.95 to 1.0 g/cm³, and it remains flexible at temperatures as low as -40°C, depending on the grade. The material’s tensile strength typically ranges from 10 to 30 MPa, with elongation at break between 200% and 600%. Chemically, NKG is resistant to aliphatic hydrocarbons, oils, and fuels but is less effective against aromatic or chlorinated solvents. It also shows moderate resistance to acids and alkalis, though prolonged exposure to strong oxidizing agents should be avoided. Its thermal stability allows continuous use at temperatures up to 120°C.
Main Applications
NKG is predominantly used in automotive and industrial applications where oil and fuel resistance are critical. Common products include O-rings, shaft seals, and gaskets for engines and transmissions. Its durability also makes it ideal for hydraulic hoses, fuel hoses, and printing rollers. Beyond machinery, NKG is widely employed in protective gear such as industrial gloves and aprons, particularly in chemical handling and medical sectors. Specialized grades with low extractables are used in food processing equipment, ensuring compliance with safety standards.
Safety and Storage
While NKG is generally safe to handle, precautions should be taken to minimize exposure to dust or decomposition products, which may cause respiratory or skin irritation. Proper ventilation is recommended during machining or grinding processes. Storage conditions significantly impact NKG's shelf life. It should be kept in a cool, dry environment, away from direct sunlight and oxidizing agents. Bulk material is typically packaged in polyethylene-lined bags to prevent moisture absorption and contamination.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring NKG, buyers should prioritize suppliers with certifications like ISO 9001 to ensure consistent quality. Key specifications to confirm include acrylonitrile content (e.g., 18% for low-oil resistance, 50% for high-oil resistance) and Mooney viscosity, which affects processing behavior. Pricing varies based on grade, volume, and regional availability. For reference, standard grades range from $3 to $8 per kg, while specialty grades (e.g., hydrogenated NKG for improved heat resistance) may cost significantly more. Lead times can extend to several weeks for custom formulations.
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