Overview
Nicotinic Acid, or pyridine-3-carboxylic acid, is an organic compound classified as a water-soluble vitamin (Vitamin B3). It plays a crucial role in metabolic processes, particularly in energy production and DNA repair. Naturally found in foods like meat, fish, and nuts, it is also synthesized industrially for pharmaceutical and nutritional applications. As a precursor to NAD and NADP, nicotinic acid is essential for redox reactions in living organisms. Its deficiency can lead to pellagra, a condition characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. The compound is widely used in dietary supplements and fortified foods to prevent such deficiencies.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Nicotinic Acid appears as a white crystalline powder with a slightly acidic taste. It has a molecular weight of 123.11 g/mol and a density of 1.473 g/cm³. The compound melts at 236-239°C and decomposes before reaching its boiling point. It is soluble in water, ethanol, and alkaline solutions, making it versatile for formulation in various products. The stability of nicotinic acid depends on storage conditions; it degrades when exposed to light, moisture, or high temperatures. Its pKa value of 4.75 indicates moderate acidity, which influences its behavior in biological systems.
Main Applications
Nicotinic Acid is primarily used in the pharmaceutical industry as a treatment for hyperlipidemia and pellagra. It helps lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels, reducing cardiovascular risks. In food technology, it serves as a nutrient additive to fortify products like cereals and bread. The compound is also a key ingredient in animal feed to ensure proper growth and health. Additionally, it finds applications in cosmetics and personal care products for its skin-conditioning properties. Industrial uses include its role as a precursor in the synthesis of other chemicals, such as nicotinamide.
Safety and Storage
Nicotinic Acid is generally safe when used appropriately but can cause skin and eye irritation upon direct contact. Workers handling the compound should wear protective gloves and goggles. Ingestion of large doses may lead to flushing, nausea, or liver toxicity. Proper storage involves keeping the material in a cool, dry place, away from light and moisture. Containers should be tightly sealed to prevent degradation. In case of spills, absorb with inert material and dispose of according to local regulations. Always refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for detailed handling instructions.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring nicotinic acid, buyers should prioritize purity levels, typically ranging from 98% to 99.5%, depending on the application. Pharmaceutical-grade material must comply with pharmacopeia standards like USP or EP. Food-grade nicotinic acid should meet FDA or EFSA regulations. Suppliers should provide certificates of analysis (CoA) to verify quality. Bulk purchases may offer cost advantages, but storage capacity must be considered. Reliable suppliers often offer technical support and documentation to ensure regulatory compliance. Prices vary based on quantity, purity, and market demand, with approximate ranges of $10-$30 per kg.
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