Overview
Multilayer graphene consists of 2-10 stacked graphene sheets bonded by van der Waals forces. Unlike single-layer graphene, it offers tunable electronic properties depending on layer alignment and thickness. The material bridges the gap between single-layer graphene and bulk graphite, combining graphene's exceptional properties with easier manufacturability. Industrial production methods include chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for high-quality films and liquid-phase exfoliation for powder forms. Quality is determined by layer uniformity, defect density, and oxygen content, which influence performance in end applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Multilayer graphene maintains graphene's basal plane properties including high in-plane electrical conductivity (up to 10^6 S/m) and thermal conductivity (~3000 W/mK). Interlayer interactions create new electronic band structures, enabling semiconductor behavior in twisted stacks. Mechanical strength remains exceptional with Young's modulus ~1 TPa. Chemically, it's more stable than single-layer graphene against oxidation but shares similar inertness to most reagents. The material exhibits anisotropic properties: in-plane vs. through-plane conductivity differs by orders of magnitude. Layer number and stacking order dramatically affect quantum properties like electron mobility.
Main Applications
In electronics, multilayer graphene serves as transparent conductors (ITO replacement) in flexible displays, with sheet resistance tunable from 30-300 Ω/sq. Battery electrodes benefit from its high surface area (up to 2630 m²/g) and lithium intercalation capacity, boosting energy density in Li-ion batteries by 20-40%. Composite materials gain enhanced strength (200-400% improvement at 1-3 wt% loading) and thermal dissipation. Emerging uses include electromagnetic shielding (attenuation >60 dB at 0.1 mm thickness) and pressure sensors (sensitivity ~0.96 kPa⁻¹). The aerospace industry employs it for lightweight structural components.
Safety and Storage
As a nanomaterial, multilayer graphene requires careful handling to avoid inhalation risks. Use NIOSH-approved N95 respirators when handling powders, and conduct operations in fume hoods or with local exhaust ventilation. Dust explosion hazards exist for fine powders (minimum explosive concentration ~30 g/m³). Store in sealed containers under argon or nitrogen to prevent oxidation. Moisture-sensitive applications may require desiccant packs. For long-term storage, temperatures below 30°C prevent layer restacking. Waste disposal should follow local regulations for synthetic graphite byproducts.
B2B Procurement Guide
Key specifications include layer count (typically 2-10 layers), lateral dimensions (100 nm to 50 μm), carbon content (>98% pure), and defect density (Raman D/G peak ratio <0.2). For electronics, request sheet resistance and transparency data at 550 nm wavelength. Bulk prices decrease sharply at kilogram quantities (approximately $10-100/g at scale). Verify suppliers' quality control with TEM/SEM images and Raman spectroscopy reports. Consider application-specific forms: powder for composites, films on Cu/Ni substrates for electronics, or pre-dispersed solutions for coatings.
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