Overview
n-Valeric Acid, also known as pentanoic acid, is a straight-chain carboxylic acid derived from pentane. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some plants and is industrially synthesized for various applications. The Dow Chemical Company (陶氏化学) is a major producer of high-purity n-valeric acid for industrial use. As a versatile chemical intermediate, it plays a significant role in organic synthesis. Its derivatives are used across multiple industries, including pharmaceuticals where it serves as a building block for active ingredients. The food industry utilizes its esters as flavoring agents due to their distinctive cheesy or fruity notes.
Physical and Chemical Properties
n-Valeric Acid is characterized by its clear, colorless appearance and strong, unpleasant odor reminiscent of rancid cheese. It has a density slightly lower than water (0.94 g/cm³) and boils at 186°C. The acid is miscible with most common organic solvents including ethanol, ether and chloroform, while having moderate water solubility (approximately 4g/100ml at 20°C). The compound displays typical carboxylic acid reactivity, forming salts (valerates), esters, amides, and anhydrides. It's a weak acid with a pKa of 4.82, comparable to acetic acid. The five-carbon chain gives it intermediate polarity between shorter and longer fatty acids, affecting its solubility and volatility characteristics.
Main Applications
In the pharmaceutical sector, n-Valeric Acid serves as a precursor for various drugs, particularly those with sedative properties. Its derivatives like valproic acid are important anticonvulsant medications. The compound is also used in synthesizing perfumes and flavorings, where its esters contribute to fruity and dairy notes in food products. The chemical industry utilizes it in manufacturing plasticizers, lubricants, and PVC stabilizers. Its metal salts find application as catalysts in polymerization processes. Additionally, valeric acid derivatives are used in agricultural chemicals, including some herbicides and pesticides. Recent research explores its potential in biofuel production and as a platform chemical in biorefineries.
Safety and Storage
n-Valeric Acid requires careful handling due to its corrosive nature. It can cause severe skin burns and eye damage, necessitating the use of chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and protective clothing. Adequate ventilation is crucial to prevent inhalation exposure, which may irritate the respiratory tract. Storage should be in corrosion-resistant containers (stainless steel or polyethylene) in cool, dry areas away from oxidizing agents and heat sources. Secondary containment is recommended to manage potential spills. The substance is flammable (flash point 96°C) and should be kept away from ignition sources. For transportation, it's typically classified as UN3265, Corrosive liquid, acidic, organic, packing group III.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should specify required purity (typically 98% or 99%), packaging (200kg drums or 1000kg IBCs), and whether technical or food/pharma grade is needed. Lead times may vary from 2-6 weeks depending on quantity and destination. Key supplier qualifications include ISO 9001 certification, REACH compliance, and preferably pharmaceutical GMP compliance for high-grade material. Purchase contracts should clearly specify analytical methods, acceptable impurity profiles, and stability guarantees. Consider logistics: the product may require hazardous goods transportation. For international shipments, verify that the supplier can provide all necessary regulatory documentation including SDS, COA, and customs clearance papers.
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