Overview
The mouse insulin receptor (InsR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the receptor tyrosine kinase family. It mediates insulin signaling and regulates glucose uptake, lipid metabolism, and cell growth. Mouse models are widely used in diabetes research due to their genetic similarity to humans. The receptor exists as two isoforms (InsR-A and InsR-B) derived from alternative splicing. InsR-B predominates in metabolic tissues like liver and muscle, while InsR-A is expressed in fetal tissues and the brain. Both isoforms share common structural domains but differ in ligand binding affinity.
Physical and Chemical Properties
The receptor consists of two extracellular α-subunits (binding insulin) and two transmembrane β-subunits (containing tyrosine kinase domains). The α-subunits contain leucine-rich repeats and cysteine-rich regions critical for insulin binding. The β-subunits autophosphorylate upon insulin binding, initiating downstream signaling via IRS-1 and PI3K/Akt pathways. The protein is glycosylated, with carbohydrate moieties accounting for ~15% of its molecular weight. Its isoelectric point (pI) ranges from 5.5 to 6.5 depending on post-translational modifications.
Main Applications
Mouse insulin receptors are essential tools in: 1) Investigating insulin resistance mechanisms in type 2 diabetes, 2) Screening insulin mimetics and sensitizers in drug development, and 3) Studying receptor trafficking and downregulation. Recombinant mouse InsR proteins are used in ELISA, western blotting, and kinase activity assays. Cell lines overexpressing mouse InsR (e.g., CHO-IR) serve as platforms for high-throughput screening. Transgenic mice with InsR mutations help elucidate tissue-specific insulin actions.
Safety and Storage
Although non-toxic, handle with gloves to prevent contamination and degradation. Lyophilized proteins should be reconstituted in sterile PBS or Tris buffer with 0.1% BSA to prevent aggregation. Store aliquots at -80°C; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Working solutions can be kept at 4°C for up to 1 week with protease inhibitors. Discard if turbidity or precipitation occurs. SDS-PAGE analysis should confirm intact α/β subunits (~135 kDa and ~95 kDa respectively).
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing mouse insulin receptor products: 1) Prioritize vendors providing COA with purity (SDS-PAGE/HPLC) and activity data (kinase assay), 2) Specify required isoform (A/B) and post-translational modifications (e.g., glycosylation status), 3) For antibodies, verify epitope recognition (α-subunit vs. β-subunit). Bulk purchasers (e.g., pharmaceutical companies) should negotiate batch-to-batch consistency guarantees. Consider customized services like fluorescent labeling or biotinylation for specialized assays. Lead time for recombinant proteins typically ranges from 4-8 weeks.
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