Overview
Mouse Activin A is a dimeric protein belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily. It consists of two inhibin beta A subunits and plays critical roles in various biological processes including embryonic development, cell proliferation, and tissue repair. The protein signals through activin receptors and activates the SMAD pathway, making it valuable for research in developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Originally identified for its role in follicle-stimulating hormone secretion, Activin A has since been shown to influence diverse cellular responses across multiple tissues. Its ability to maintain pluripotency in stem cells while also directing differentiation makes it particularly important for stem cell research applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Mouse Activin A typically appears as a white lyophilized powder that is soluble in aqueous buffers. The active protein exists as a homodimer with a molecular weight of approximately 25-28 kDa under reducing conditions. Its biological activity is typically measured in ED50 assays, with active concentrations generally in the low ng/ml range for most applications. The protein maintains stability when stored lyophilized at -20°C or below, though reconstituted solutions should be used immediately or stored at 4°C for short-term use. Activity can be affected by repeated freeze-thaw cycles, and proper handling is essential to maintain protein integrity. The isoelectric point is approximately 5.0, and the protein shows optimal activity in neutral pH conditions.
Main Applications
In research settings, Mouse Activin A finds extensive use in stem cell biology, particularly for maintaining embryonic stem cells in their undifferentiated state or directing their differentiation into specific lineages. It's crucial for generating definitive endoderm from pluripotent stem cells, a critical step in protocols for producing pancreatic or hepatic cells. The protein also has important applications in reproductive biology research, where it helps study follicle development and spermatogenesis. In cancer research, Activin A's dual role as both a tumor suppressor and promoter makes it valuable for understanding tumor microenvironment interactions. Additionally, its involvement in wound healing and fibrosis processes has led to investigations in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
Safety and Storage
Proper handling of Mouse Activin A requires standard laboratory precautions including gloves, lab coats, and eye protection. While not classified as highly hazardous, the protein should be treated as a potential biological agent. Avoid generating aerosols during reconstitution, and use in a properly ventilated area. For long-term storage, keep the lyophilized protein at -20°C or below in a desiccated environment. Once reconstituted, the protein is typically stable for about one week at 4°C, though aliquoting and freezing at -80°C is recommended for longer preservation. Always check for precipitation before use, and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles which can degrade the protein's biological activity.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing Mouse Activin A for research or commercial purposes, prioritize suppliers with established quality control measures. Key specifications to verify include biological activity (typically measured in ED50), purity (preferably >95% by SDS-PAGE), and endotoxin levels (should be <1 EU/μg). Consider the protein's formulation—some suppliers offer carrier proteins like BSA which can affect certain applications. For cell culture work, ensure the product is sterile-filtered and tested for mycoplasma. Bulk purchases may offer cost savings, but verify storage stability and your actual usage rates. Always request certificates of analysis and consider testing a small quantity before large-scale procurement.
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