Overview
2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic Acid Potassium Salt (MOPS-K) is a potassium salt derivative of MOPS, a zwitterionic buffer developed in the 1960s. It is particularly valued for its consistent pH stability (6.5-7.9) and minimal interference with biochemical reactions. Unlike traditional phosphate buffers, MOPS-K does not precipitate calcium or magnesium ions, making it ideal for cell culture and enzymatic studies. The compound is synthesized by neutralizing MOPS with potassium hydroxide. Its high water solubility and compatibility with biological systems have made it a staple in life science laboratories. MOPS-K is often preferred over the free acid form (MOPS) for applications requiring potassium ions, such as certain electrophoresis protocols.
Physical and Chemical Properties
MOPS-K exhibits excellent buffering capacity in the physiological pH range (6.5-7.9), with a pKa of ~7.2 at 25°C. Its zwitterionic nature ensures low membrane permeability, reducing cellular stress. The compound is thermally stable but decomposes above 300°C without melting. It has negligible UV absorbance below 260 nm, making it suitable for spectrophotometric assays. A key advantage is its minimal interaction with metal ions, unlike phosphate or citrate buffers. This property prevents interference with metalloenzymes or metal-dependent processes. MOPS-K solutions are typically colorless and odorless, with osmotic pressure comparable to physiological conditions when used at standard concentrations (10-50 mM).
Main Applications
In molecular biology, MOPS-K is the buffer of choice for RNA electrophoresis in agarose gels, as it maintains stable pH without formamide toxicity. It is also used in Northern blotting and capillary electrophoresis. Cell culture applications include media preparation for bacteria (e.g., E. coli) and mammalian cells, where it outperforms bicarbonate buffers in open systems. The pharmaceutical industry employs MOPS-K in protein purification workflows, particularly ion-exchange chromatography, due to its low ionic interference. Diagnostic kits for enzymes like reverse transcriptase often incorporate MOPS-K to ensure reaction stability. Recent studies also utilize it in organoid culture systems and microbiome research.
Safety and Storage
MOPS-K is classified as a low-hazard substance (GHS07). While non-carcinogenic, prolonged exposure to powder may cause respiratory or eye irritation. Always handle in a fume hood with nitrile gloves and safety goggles. Avoid ingestion—although low toxicity, accidental consumption requires medical consultation. For long-term storage, keep the powder in sealed containers with desiccants at 15-25°C. Prepared solutions remain stable for months at 4°C but should be protected from microbial contamination (add 0.02% sodium azide for extended use). Discard discolored solutions, as degradation products may affect experimental results.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing MOPS-K, prioritize suppliers with ISO 13485 or GMP certification for consistent quality. Key specifications to verify include: purity (≥99% for molecular biology grade), endotoxin levels (<10 EU/mg), and heavy metal content (<5 ppm). Request batch-specific Certificates of Analysis (CoA) testing for identity (FTIR/NMR), potency (titration), and bioburden. Bulk purchases (25+ kg) often reduce costs by 20-30%. Consider multi-year contracts with price adjustments for market fluctuations. For international shipments, ensure compliance with IATA regulations (not classified as hazardous). Some vendors offer customized packaging (e.g., nitrogen-flushed bags) to extend shelf life beyond the standard 3 years.
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