Overview
Methyl oleate is a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) derived from oleic acid, a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid. It is widely used in industrial and commercial applications due to its favorable properties, such as biodegradability and low toxicity. Produced via esterification of oleic acid with methanol, it serves as a versatile intermediate in chemical synthesis. As a key component in biodiesel, methyl oleate meets ASTM D6751 standards for renewable fuels. Its non-toxic nature also makes it suitable for cosmetics and food-grade lubricants. The compound is typically sourced from vegetable oils like sunflower or canola, aligning with sustainable practices.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Methyl oleate is a clear, viscous liquid with a faint ester-like odor. Its low melting point (-20°C) ensures fluidity at room temperature, while its boiling point (218-220°C under reduced pressure) reflects moderate thermal stability. The compound's density (0.87 g/cm³) is lower than water, and it is hydrophobic. Chemically, methyl oleate is stable under normal conditions but may hydrolyze in acidic or alkaline environments. Its ester group enables reactivity in transesterification and saponification reactions. The cis-configuration of the double bond at C9 contributes to its liquid state and oxidative susceptibility, requiring antioxidants for long-term storage.
Main Applications
In the lubricant industry, methyl oleate reduces friction in metalworking fluids and biodegradable greases. Its high lubricity and low volatility make it ideal for precision machinery. As a biodiesel component, it improves fuel cetane numbers and cold-flow properties. The compound also acts as a plasticizer in polymers like PVC, enhancing flexibility without compromising durability. In cosmetics, it functions as an emollient in creams and lotions. Additionally, methyl oleate is a precursor for surfactants and agrochemicals, where its derivatization yields amphiphilic compounds for detergents or pesticidal formulations.
Safety and Storage
Methyl oleate poses minimal health risks but may cause mild skin or eye irritation upon contact. Use PPE (gloves, goggles) when handling. Ingestion or inhalation of vapors should be avoided; ensure adequate ventilation in workspaces. Store in sealed containers (stainless steel or HDPE) away from oxidizers and ignition sources. Shelf life exceeds two years when kept at temperatures below 30°C. For bulk storage, nitrogen blanketing can prevent oxidative degradation. Dispose of waste according to local regulations, as it is biodegradable but may require controlled incineration.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing methyl oleate, prioritize suppliers with certifications like ISO 9001 or USP for food/pharma grades. Key specifications include purity (≥85% for industrial use, ≥99% for cosmetics), acid value (<1 mg KOH/g), and peroxide value (<5 meq/kg). Bulk purchases (drums or IBCs) typically cost $1.50-$3.00/kg, with discounts for contracts exceeding 1 MT. Verify logistics options—some suppliers offer temperature-controlled transport for sensitive batches. Sample testing is recommended to confirm consistency in viscosity and color. For biodiesel applications, ensure compliance with EN 14214 or ASTM D6751 standards.
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