Methyl Eugenol

Updated: 2026-07-15

Overview

Methyl eugenol is a naturally occurring phenylpropene derivative found in essential oils of plants like basil, cloves, and nutmeg. Industrially, it is synthesized for its aromatic properties and role as a potent attractant for fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.), making it invaluable in pest control. As a flavoring agent, it imparts spicy, clove-like notes to food products and perfumes. Its volatility and stability under moderate temperatures enhance its utility in agricultural lures and fragrance formulations.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Methyl eugenol is characterized by its low melting point (-4°C) and high boiling point (254-255°C), which facilitate its use in both liquid and vapor-phase applications. Its density (1.04 g/cm³) and solubility profile make it compatible with organic carriers in pesticide formulations. The compound's dimethoxy and allyl functional groups contribute to its reactivity, enabling derivatization for specialized applications. However, its light sensitivity necessitates opaque or amber containers for storage to prevent degradation.

Main Applications

In agriculture, methyl eugenol is a key component of male annihilation techniques (MAT) to control invasive fruit fly populations. It is combined with insecticides in traps, disrupting mating cycles and reducing crop damage. The fragrance industry utilizes it as a middle note in perfumes, soaps, and cosmetics for its warm, spicy aroma. Food-grade variants (typically 99% pure) are used sparingly (≤0.01% concentration) in baked goods and confectionery due to regulatory limits.

Safety and Storage

Classified as a Group 2B carcinogen by IARC, methyl eugenol requires strict handling protocols. Workers should use nitrile gloves, goggles, and respirators when handling concentrated forms. Spills must be contained with inert absorbents. Storage mandates airtight metal or glass containers in cool (<25°C), UV-protected environments. Incompatible with strong oxidizers—fire risk exists at high temperatures. Shelf life is typically 2-3 years when stored properly.

B2B Procurement Guide

Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001 certification and batch-specific Certificates of Analysis (CoA). Technical-grade (95-98%) is standard for agricultural use, while perfumery demands higher purity (≥99%). Bulk shipments (200kg drums) offer cost savings but require verification of transportation compliance (UN number: 3082, Environmentally Hazardous Substances). Spot contracts are common, though long-term agreements stabilize pricing amid seasonal demand fluctuations.