Overview
Epichlorohydrin (ECH) is an organochlorine compound and an important industrial chemical. It is primarily used as a precursor in the production of epoxy resins, which are widely applied in coatings, adhesives, and composite materials. ECH is also a key intermediate in the synthesis of synthetic glycerin, elastomers, and ion-exchange resins. First commercially produced in the early 20th century, ECH is manufactured through the chlorination of propylene. Its high reactivity stems from the presence of both an epoxide group and a chlorine atom, making it a versatile building block for various chemical processes. However, its toxicity and flammability demand strict handling protocols.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Epichlorohydrin is a volatile, colorless liquid with a characteristic sharp odor. It has a density of 1.18 g/cm³ and boils at 117.9°C. The compound is miscible with many organic solvents but reacts vigorously with strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents. Its epoxide ring makes it highly reactive, enabling polymerization and cross-linking reactions. ECH hydrolyzes slowly in water but can form explosive peroxides upon prolonged exposure to air. These properties necessitate inert gas blanketing during storage to prevent degradation or hazardous reactions.
Main Applications
Over 80% of global ECH production is dedicated to epoxy resin synthesis, which serves industries like aerospace, automotive, and electronics due to their superior adhesion and chemical resistance. In water treatment, ECH-derived polyamines act as flocculants to purify drinking water. Another significant use is in the production of synthetic glycerin, a substitute for natural glycerin in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Smaller applications include paper strengthening agents, textile finishes, and specialty adhesives. Emerging research explores its role in bio-based polymers as a sustainable alternative.
Safety and Storage
ECH is classified as a probable human carcinogen (Group 2A by IARC) and poses acute toxicity risks via inhalation or skin absorption. Workplaces must enforce exposure limits (e.g., OSHA PEL: 5 ppm) and provide respirators, gloves, and eye protection. Storage requires steel or polyethylene containers in well-ventilated areas, away from heat sources. Spills should be contained using inert absorbents, and firefighting demands alcohol-resistant foam due to its flammability (flash point: 31°C). Regular leakage checks and grounding of equipment are essential to prevent electrostatic ignition.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing ECH, prioritize suppliers with certifications like ISO 9001 and compliance with REACH or TSCA regulations. Bulk shipments (typically in isotanks or drums) should include SDS documentation and batch analysis reports. Pricing fluctuates with propylene feedstock costs and regional demand. Asian markets dominate production, but tariffs and logistics may favor local suppliers. Audit manufacturing facilities for safety standards and environmental controls. For long-term contracts, negotiate clauses for price adjustments and supply continuity.
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