Methanol[2]

Updated: 2026-09-13

Overview

Methanol, commonly referred to as industrial wood alcohol, is a simple alcohol with the chemical formula CH3OH. It is a light, volatile, colorless liquid with a mild alcoholic odor. Methanol is produced industrially through the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide, often derived from natural gas or coal. Methanol has been used for centuries as a solvent and fuel. Today, it plays a critical role in various industrial applications, including chemical synthesis, energy production, and as a key ingredient in antifreeze and biodiesel. Its versatility and relatively low cost make it a staple in the chemical industry.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Methanol is highly flammable, with a flash point of just 11°C, and burns with a nearly invisible flame. It has a density of 0.7918 g/cm³ at 20°C and a boiling point of 64.7°C. Methanol is miscible with water and most organic solvents, making it an excellent solvent for resins, paints, and inks. Its molecular weight is 32.04 g/mol, and it has a melting point of -97.6°C. Methanol is toxic if ingested or inhaled, with symptoms including headache, dizziness, and in severe cases, blindness or death. Proper handling and storage are essential to mitigate these risks.

Main Applications

Methanol is widely used as a fuel additive, particularly in racing cars and as a component in biodiesel. It is also a key raw material in the production of formaldehyde, acetic acid, and other chemicals. In the energy sector, methanol is explored as a clean-burning fuel alternative. Additionally, methanol serves as a solvent in laboratories and industrial processes, including the extraction of plant compounds and the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Its antifreeze properties make it useful in windshield washer fluids and de-icing solutions.

Safety and Storage

Methanol must be stored in tightly sealed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from heat sources and open flames. Due to its toxicity, workers should wear protective gear, including gloves and goggles, and ensure proper ventilation when handling. In case of spills, absorb with inert material and dispose of according to local regulations. Methanol fires should be extinguished with dry chemical, CO2, or alcohol-resistant foam. Never use water, as it can spread the flames.

B2B Procurement Guide

When procuring methanol, verify the purity level required for your application, as industrial-grade methanol typically ranges from 99% to 99.9% purity. Check supplier certifications and ensure compliance with local safety and environmental regulations. Bulk purchases often come with cost advantages, but storage capacity and handling safety must be considered. Prices fluctuate based on raw material costs and regional demand, so staying updated on market trends is advisable for long-term procurement planning.