Maleic Acid-Acrylic Acid Copolymer
Overview
Maleic Acid-Acrylic Acid Copolymer is a synthetic polymer synthesized through free-radical copolymerization of maleic anhydride (or maleic acid) and acrylic acid monomers. Its alternating molecular structure provides exceptional chelating capabilities for divalent metal ions like calcium and magnesium. Industrial production typically involves solution polymerization with peroxide initiators, followed by neutralization for liquid formulations or spray drying for powdered products. The copolymer's performance can be tuned by adjusting the maleic/acrylic monomer ratio during synthesis.
Physical and Chemical Properties
The copolymer exhibits excellent water solubility across a wide pH range (2–12), with viscosity directly correlating to molecular weight. Its anionic character enables strong electrostatic interactions with positively charged particles, making it effective for dispersion applications. Thermogravimetric analysis shows thermal stability up to 300°C, outperforming many polycarboxylates. The polymer's carboxyl groups provide multiple binding sites, with maleic acid segments offering particularly strong calcium ion sequestration (threshold effect at 2–10 ppm).
Main Applications
In water treatment, this copolymer prevents scale formation in boilers and cooling systems at dosages of 5–50 ppm, often combined with phosphonates. Detergent manufacturers utilize 1–5% concentrations as phosphate replacements for hardness ion control. The textile industry employs it as a dye dispersant (0.1–0.5% owf), while paper mills use it for pitch control. Emerging applications include oilfield scale inhibition (downhole temperatures up to 150°C) and as a crystal modifier in cement additives.
Safety and Storage
Classified as non-hazardous under GHS, though powder forms may cause respiratory irritation (PPE recommended during handling). Liquid formulations typically contain 30–50% active material with water, requiring biocide addition for long-term storage. For powdered variants, moisture-proof packaging is essential to prevent caking. Shelf life exceeds 24 months for dry products stored below 30°C, while liquid forms remain stable for 6–12 months when protected from freezing.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should specify: 1) Molecular weight range (low for detergent use, high for water treatment), 2) Form (liquid preferred for automated dosing systems), 3) Biodegradability (OECD 301B compliance if required), and 4) Iron tolerance for cooling water applications. Bulk shipments (ISO tanks for liquids, 25kg bags for powder) typically offer 10–15% cost savings versus retail packaging. Quality verification should include measurement of active content (titration) and residual monomer levels (<0.5% recommended).
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