Overview
Magnesium oxide (MgO), commonly known as magnesia, is an inorganic compound derived from magnesium carbonate or seawater. It is widely used in industrial and agricultural sectors due to its high melting point, thermal stability, and alkaline properties. Naturally occurring as periclase, synthetic MgO is produced by calcining magnesium hydroxide or carbonate. Its versatility makes it a critical material in refractory linings, environmental remediation, and dietary supplements.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Magnesium oxide is a white, odorless powder with a cubic crystal structure. It exhibits exceptional thermal resistance, with a melting point of 2,852°C, making it ideal for high-temperature applications like furnace linings. Chemically, MgO is basic and reacts with acids to form salts. It has low solubility in water but absorbs carbon dioxide from the air, forming magnesium carbonate over time. Its high dielectric constant also makes it useful in electrical insulation.
Main Applications
The primary use of MgO is in refractory materials, where it lines kilns and furnaces in steel, cement, and glass industries. Its thermal stability prevents heat loss and extends equipment lifespan. In agriculture, it serves as a magnesium supplement in fertilizers and animal feed. Pharmaceutical-grade MgO is used in antacids and laxatives. Emerging applications include wastewater treatment and as a component in superconductors.
Safety and Storage
While magnesium oxide is generally non-toxic, inhalation of fine powder may cause respiratory irritation. Proper PPE, such as masks and goggles, is recommended during handling. Store MgO in sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption, which can reduce its efficacy. Avoid contact with strong acids, as reactions may release heat. Industrial-grade MgO should be kept away from food-grade products to prevent contamination.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing magnesium oxide, specify purity levels (e.g., 95%, 98%, or 99%) and particle size (micron range) based on application needs. Refractory-grade MgO typically requires higher purity than agricultural uses. Verify supplier certifications like ISO for consistent quality. Bulk purchases (metric tons) often reduce costs, but test samples for reactivity and moisture content. Consider logistics; MgO is heavy and may require specialized transport.
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