Overview
Magnesium acetate is the magnesium salt of acetic acid, existing in both anhydrous and hydrated forms (commonly tetrahydrate). It is a white, crystalline solid with mild hygroscopic properties. The compound finds use across multiple industries due to its chemical stability and solubility characteristics. First prepared in the 19th century, magnesium acetate is now commercially produced through the reaction of magnesium oxide or hydroxide with acetic acid. Industrial-grade material typically contains the tetrahydrate form, while pharmaceutical applications often require anhydrous material meeting pharmacopeia standards.
Physical and Chemical Properties
The tetrahydrate form decomposes at approximately 80°C, losing water molecules before further thermal decomposition. In aqueous solutions, magnesium acetate dissociates into magnesium ions (Mg2+) and acetate ions (CH3COO-), making it a mild electrolyte. A notable characteristic is its high solubility in water (65g/100mL at 20°C for tetrahydrate), significantly greater than many other magnesium salts. The compound shows slight solubility in ethanol but is practically insoluble in non-polar solvents. Its pH in solution is mildly acidic (pH ~6-7 for 1M solution).
Main Applications
In laboratory settings, magnesium acetate serves as a buffer component and magnesium ion source. The pharmaceutical industry utilizes it as an excipient and in dialysis solutions. As an environmentally friendly de-icing agent, it's particularly effective at temperatures as low as -9°C (15°F). Industrial applications include textile dyeing (as a mordant), wastewater treatment, and as a catalyst in organic synthesis. The food industry may use food-grade magnesium acetate as a firming agent or pH regulator, though this application is less common compared to other magnesium salts.
Safety and Storage
While not classified as highly hazardous, magnesium acetate requires standard chemical handling precautions. Eye protection and gloves are recommended to prevent irritation from dust or solutions. The compound is non-flammable but may decompose under high heat, releasing acetic acid vapors. Proper storage involves moisture-proof containers in well-ventilated areas away from strong acids or bases. Bulk storage should avoid direct sunlight and temperatures above 30°C to prevent caking. Shelf life is typically 2-3 years when stored correctly, though the tetrahydrate form may slowly lose water in dry conditions.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should specify: form (anhydrous/tetrahydrate), purity grade (technical/ACS/USP), and packaging requirements. Technical grade (98-99% purity) suffices for most industrial uses, while pharmaceutical applications require USP-grade material with heavy metal specifications. Leading manufacturers are concentrated in China, India, and Western countries. MOQ typically ranges from 25kg for laboratory grades to metric ton quantities for industrial applications. Container shipments (20-25MT) offer the best pricing. Quality verification should include assay testing and heavy metal screening where applicable.
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