Magnesium

Overview

Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in Earth's crust and the third most commonly used structural metal after iron and aluminum. It is essential in biological systems and widely utilized in industrial applications due to its lightweight and high strength-to-weight ratio. Discovered in 1755, magnesium is primarily extracted from seawater, brines, and minerals like dolomite and magnesite. It plays a critical role in modern manufacturing, particularly in the aerospace and automotive industries.

Physical and Chemical Properties

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Magnesium is a silvery-white metal that is relatively soft and lightweight. It has a density of 1.738 g/cm³, making it one of the lightest structural metals. Magnesium reacts with water at room temperature, albeit slowly, but reacts vigorously with acids, releasing hydrogen gas. The metal has excellent thermal and electrical conductivity and is highly flammable in powder or ribbon form. Its alloys are prized for their strength, corrosion resistance, and machinability, making them ideal for high-performance applications.

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Main Applications

Magnesium is primarily used in alloys for aerospace, automotive, and electronic industries. Magnesium-aluminum alloys are common in aircraft and missile components, while automotive applications include engine blocks and wheels. It is also used in pyrotechnics due to its bright white flame and in the production of titanium and other metals as a reducing agent. Additionally, magnesium compounds are used in medicine, agriculture, and wastewater treatment.

Safety and Storage

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Magnesium poses fire hazards, especially in powdered form, and must be stored in a dry, inert environment away from moisture and oxidizers. Proper ventilation is required when handling magnesium dust to prevent explosions. Workers should wear protective gear, including gloves and goggles, to avoid skin and eye irritation. In case of fire, Class D fire extinguishers or dry sand should be used, as water can exacerbate the reaction.

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B2B Procurement Guide

When sourcing magnesium, buyers should prioritize certified suppliers to ensure purity and quality. Common forms include ingots, powder, and alloy sheets—each suited for different industrial needs. Pricing depends on purity, quantity, and market demand, with bulk purchases often securing discounts. Buyers should also verify compliance with industry standards such as ASTM or ISO for specific applications.

Overview

Physical and Chemical Properties

Main Applications

Safety and Storage

B2B Procurement Guide

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