Overview
Lymphotactin (XCL1) is a small chemokine belonging to the C-motif family, primarily secreted by activated CD8+ T cells and NK cells. It uniquely lacks the typical cysteine pair found in other chemokines, giving it distinct functional properties. Its primary role is to recruit immune cells to sites of inflammation or infection. Discovered in the 1990s, lymphotactin has since been studied for its dual roles as both a chemoattractant and a modulator of immune responses. Its structure allows it to bind specifically to the XCR1 receptor, making it a target for therapeutic interventions in autoimmune diseases and cancer immunotherapy.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Lymphotactin is a 10.5 kDa protein with a folded structure stabilized by disulfide bonds. It is highly soluble in aqueous buffers and stable at -20°C when lyophilized. Unlike most chemokines, it undergoes conformational changes between monomeric and dimeric forms, influencing its activity. Its unique sequence (lacking the second and fourth cysteine residues) results in atypical chemokine behavior, including reversible aggregation. Analytical techniques like HPLC and mass spectrometry are used to confirm purity, while functional assays (e.g., chemotaxis) validate biological activity.
Main Applications
In research, lymphotactin is used to study T-cell and NK-cell migration in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and HIV. Its ability to direct immune cells makes it valuable for designing cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapies. Pharmaceutical applications include its use as an adjuvant to enhance vaccine efficacy. Recent studies explore engineered variants for improved stability and targeted delivery. Biotechnology firms also utilize it in diagnostic kits for immune profiling.
Safety and Storage
As a bioactive protein, lymphotactin requires careful handling. Use gloves and eye protection to prevent exposure. Store lyophilized powder at -20°C; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles for reconstituted solutions, which may degrade its activity. Dispose of waste according to biohazard protocols. Suppliers provide material safety data sheets (MSDS) with detailed hazard information. For laboratory use only—not approved for clinical administration without further purification.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring lymphotactin, prioritize suppliers with ISO certification and batch-specific CoA (Certificate of Analysis). Key metrics include ≥95% purity (SDS-PAGE), low endotoxin levels, and functional validation data. Bulk orders (1 mg+) may qualify for discounts. Consider recombinant variants (e.g., human, murine) based on research needs. Lead times average 2-4 weeks; expedited shipping is recommended to maintain stability. Negotiate cold-chain logistics for international shipments.
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