Overview
Longan import is a specialized segment of tropical fruit trade, with Thailand and Vietnam accounting for over 70% of global exports. The fruit's short shelf life (7-10 days fresh) necessitates air freight or controlled atmosphere containers. B2B buyers typically purchase in 5-20 ton lots during peak season (June-August). International standards classify longan by size (extra class ≥32mm) and Brix sweetness levels (≥18°). Dried longan, representing about 30% of trade volume, requires moisture content below 25% per Codex Alimentarius guidelines. Major import markets include China, the US, and EU countries.
Key Features
Fresh longans have delicate pericarps that bruise easily, demanding careful handling. The aril (edible portion) constitutes about 60-70% of total weight. Commercial varieties like 'Daw' and 'Chompoo' dominate exports due to their thick flesh and small seeds. Dried longan undergoes sulfur dioxide fumigation (max 30ppm in EU) for preservation. Recent trends show growing demand for organic longan, though certification remains challenging for small farmers. The fruit contains high polyphenol levels, driving interest from nutraceutical buyers.
Application Areas
In foodservice, fresh longans appear in fruit platters and desserts like Thai 'tub tim grob'. Processors use them in jams, wines, and canned mixtures with lychee. Traditional Chinese medicine utilizes dried longan (龙眼肉) for qi supplementation formulas. The snack industry values freeze-dried longan chips as a healthy alternative to candy. Emerging applications include longan seed starch for biodegradable packaging and pericarp extracts for natural food colorants. Japan imports premium frozen longan puree for bakery fillings.
Precautions
Importers must verify fumigation certificates for countries with fruit fly restrictions (e.g., Australia). The EU's maximum residue levels (MRLs) for chlorpyrifos (0.01mg/kg) often trigger rejections. USFDA requires irradiation treatment at 400Gy minimum for fresh imports. Cold storage below 4°C causes chilling injury, while relative humidity above 90% promotes mold growth. Proper packaging should include vented cartons with polyethylene liners for moisture control. Customs brokers should pre-check tariff classifications (HS 081090 for fresh, 081340 for dried).
B2B Procurement Guide
Establish contracts 3-6 months before harvest to secure quality supply. Reputable exporters often provide SGS reports covering pesticide residues, heavy metals, and microbiological safety. Consider CIF terms for first-time shipments to mitigate logistics risks. Quality control should include random testing for sulfur dioxide (rapid test strips available) and flesh recovery rate (minimum 60%). For large orders (>10MT), arrange pre-shipment inspections covering Brix, defect rates, and packaging integrity. Payment terms commonly range from 30% deposit with 70% against BL copy to full LC at sight.
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