Overview
L-Glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid in human blood and muscle tissue, playing critical roles in protein synthesis, acid-base balance, and cellular energy production. As a conditionally essential nutrient, it becomes vital during metabolic stress, intense exercise, or illness. The pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries account for approximately 65% of global L-glutamine production. The compound exists in two enantiomeric forms, with only the L-form being biologically active. Commercial production typically occurs through microbial fermentation using Corynebacterium glutamicum or recombinant E. coli strains, followed by purification processes that achieve ≥98.5% purity for pharmaceutical applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
L-Glutamine exhibits amphoteric properties due to its α-amino and γ-carboxyl groups, with an isoelectric point at pH 5.65. The crystalline form remains stable under dry conditions but gradually degrades in solution through cyclization to pyroglutamic acid, particularly at elevated temperatures or extreme pH values. Thermogravimetric analysis shows decomposition beginning at 185°C without distinct melting. The molecule's zwitterionic nature contributes to its high water solubility (3.5% w/v at room temperature) and low solubility in ethanol (<0.1% w/v). UV spectrophotometry reveals maximum absorption at 210 nm, useful for analytical quantification in quality control protocols.
Main Applications
In clinical nutrition, L-glutamine serves as a key component in parenteral formulations for trauma, burn, and post-operative patients, helping maintain intestinal barrier function and preventing muscle catabolism. The sports supplement market utilizes its purported benefits for muscle recovery and immune support, often combined with branched-chain amino acids. The biopharmaceutical industry consumes significant quantities as a cell culture medium additive, particularly for monoclonal antibody production where it functions as an energy source and nitrogen donor. Emerging applications include wound care products (accelerating epithelialization) and veterinary medicine for livestock gut health maintenance.
Safety and Storage
Regulatory agencies classify pharmaceutical-grade L-glutamine as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) with an established ADI of 14 g/day for adults. Potential adverse effects at excessive doses (>0.75 g/kg body weight) include nausea, headache, and gastrointestinal discomfort. Occupational exposure limits require dust control in manufacturing facilities. Proper storage involves double-layer polyethylene bags within sealed containers at controlled room temperature (15-30°C) or refrigerated conditions for extended shelf life. Quality degradation indicators include yellow discoloration (oxidation products) and ammonia odor (hydrolysis). Commercial stability data typically guarantees 36 months when stored unopened at recommended conditions.
B2B Procurement Guide
Bulk purchasers should prioritize suppliers with cGMP certification and batch-specific Certificates of Analysis confirming identity, purity (HPLC ≥99%), heavy metal content (<10 ppm), and microbiological status. Key evaluation parameters include residual solvent levels (especially from fermentation processes) and enantiomeric purity (D-glutamine <0.5%). Logistical considerations include climate-controlled transportation for tropical regions and moisture-proof packaging solutions. Many manufacturers offer customized particle size distributions (typically 80-200 mesh) for specific formulation needs. Contract manufacturing options exist for private-label nutraceutical products, with minimum order quantities commonly starting at 500 kg for competitive pricing.
Related Manufacturers
- 主营：分散剂、消泡剂、阻燃剂、Heliogen、碳黑、颜料、钛白粉、抗氧剂、光稳定剂、紫外线吸收剂、色母粒、改性塑料、成核剂、光引发剂、抗静电剂、扩链剂、润滑剂
- 主营：氧化铁颜料、助剂、消泡剂、流平剂、润湿剂、附着力促进剂、纺涂鸦助剂、氧化铁黄、氧化铁红、氧化铁黑、氧化铁绿、钛白粉、炭黑、碳黑、色浆、有机颜料、群青、乳液、多功能助剂
- 主营：抗氧剂、光稳定剂、消泡剂、Heliogen、紫外线吸收剂、碳黑、白炭黑、颜料、染料、树脂、表面活性剂、消光粉、增塑剂、分散剂、光引发剂、钛白粉、固化剂
- 主营：1838-5623、st1005srg、ht-193nb5、ltw-670ds、tlp521-gb、il33193dt、il2904edt、开发板、smk1625fj、rs321bkxf、jm2633dn6、fqpf5n65c、锂电池、igp50n60t、hx3033-ae、电源收、dtc143zsa、gs6004-sr、m51995afp、rc60r080f、aoz8844dt、gs3005-mr、080510r5%、mbi5034gf、rs2166xf5
- 主营：ad8051arz、ad8552arz、ref191gsz、dac7801lu、a3977slpt、ref195fsz、adg408brz、ad7418arz、ad8602drz、adr444arz、adr433arz、ad8620brz、adg419brz、ad8551arz、ref192esz、ad8676arz、ad8048arz、adg441brz、ad8554arz、ad607arsz、ad5541crz、ad8033arz、ad7249brz、adr290frz、aoz1015ai
- 主营：恩智浦、英飞凌、德州仪器、电子元器件、集成电路、Ic芯片、ST
- 主营：阻燃剂、热熔胶、消光剂、纤维素、灌封胶、杀菌剂、树脂、碳黑、钛白粉、颜料、色母、塑料、助剂、增塑剂、分散剂、消泡剂、橡胶、染料、抗氧剂、蜡粉、溶剂、防冻液、抗静电剂、水处理
- 主营：稳压器ti、二极管ti、内存闪存、stm32l475rgt6、mc32pf3000a2ep、闪存存储器、数字隔离器、mic37100-3.3ws-tr
- 主营：蠕动泵、分析天平、液相色谱、AladdinSuperGreenIIRNAgelstain、气相色谱
- 主营：PP、PPS、POM、PA66、PA6、PE、LDPE、LLDPE、PEEK、EVA、PA46、PC、ABS、PBT、PPA、PPO、塑胶原料、工程塑料、进口塑胶原料
- 主营：有机颜料、无机颜料、金属络合染料、溶剂染料、纳米颜料、荧光染料、炭黑、增白剂、助剂、氧化铁颜料、水溶性染料、荧光颜料、色母粒、钛白粉、硫酸钡
- 主营：苯乙酮、丙烯酸、cas97-59-6、cas75-36-5、cas75-05-8、cas64-19-7、cas124-04-9、cas540-69-2、抗结块剂、碳酸氢铵、cas1317-33-5、磷酸二铵、硫氰化铵、阿斯巴甜、cas1309-64-4、cas1344-28-1、七钼酸铵、cas12125-02-9、99.6cas62-53-3、食品添加剂、橡胶补强剂、营养添加剂、磷酸二氢铵、高纯度壬二酸、超细氢氧化铝
- 主营：猪源性荧光PCR检测试剂盒、牛源性荧光PCR检测试剂盒、植物源性荧光PCR检测试剂盒、鸡源性荧光PCR检测试剂盒、羊源性PCR荧光检测试剂盒、马源性荧光PCR检测试剂盒、驴源性荧光PCR检测试剂盒
- 主营：胆固醇荧光探针、罗丹明B酰肼、深红溶酶体荧光探针、吲l哚菁绿、缺氧探针、鬼笔环肽、钙黄绿素红、钙螯合剂
- 主营：黄丹粉、除漆剂、红丹粉、除锈剂、脱塑剂、黄血盐钾、无水氟化钾、磷酸三丁酯、硅磷晶、硫氰酸钠