Overview
Folinic acid, chemically known as 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, is a reduced form of folic acid that bypasses the need for dihydrofolate reductase, making it biologically active. It is widely used in medical and biochemical applications due to its role in nucleic acid synthesis and methylation processes. Originally developed to counteract the toxic effects of methotrexate in chemotherapy, folinic acid has since found applications in treating folate deficiencies and supporting cell growth in laboratory settings. Its ability to rescue healthy cells from folate antagonism makes it invaluable in oncology and hematology.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Folinic acid appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 473.44 g/mol. It is hygroscopic and should be stored in airtight containers to prevent moisture absorption. The compound decomposes at temperatures around 240-250°C, and its solubility in water facilitates its use in injectable formulations. Chemically, folinic acid is stable under recommended storage conditions but may degrade upon prolonged exposure to light or extreme pH levels. Its solubility profile—soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol—makes it versatile for pharmaceutical preparations. Analytical methods such as HPLC are commonly employed to assess its purity.
Main Applications
In clinical settings, folinic acid is primarily used as an antidote to methotrexate toxicity during high-dose chemotherapy, protecting healthy cells while allowing the chemotherapeutic agent to target cancer cells. It is also prescribed for megaloblastic anemia caused by folate deficiency when folic acid cannot be metabolized effectively. Beyond medicine, folinic acid serves as a supplement in cell culture media, supporting the growth of fastidious microorganisms and cell lines. Its role in one-carbon metabolism makes it critical for research in genetics and developmental biology. Some formulations are also explored for neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases.
Safety and Storage
Folinic acid is generally well-tolerated, but allergic reactions or gastrointestinal disturbances may occur in sensitive individuals. Proper handling includes wearing gloves and eye protection to avoid inhalation or contact with skin. It is not classified as a hazardous substance under GHS, but standard laboratory precautions apply. For storage, keep containers tightly sealed in a cool, dry place (15-25°C) away from light and moisture. Long-term stability is ensured when packed under inert gas. Degradation products can be monitored via periodic purity testing, especially if the material shows discoloration or clumping.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing folinic acid for industrial or pharmaceutical use, prioritize suppliers with certifications like GMP, ISO, or compliance with USP/EP monographs. Key specifications include purity (≥98%), low heavy metal content, and absence of microbial contamination. Bulk buyers should negotiate pricing tiers for quantities above 1 kg, with prices typically ranging from $50 to $200 per gram. Consider lead times and cold-chain logistics if purchasing the injectable form. Audit suppliers for consistent quality control and documentation, including Certificates of Analysis (CoA) and stability data.
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