Overview
LD50CD is a critical toxicological measurement for cadmium, a heavy metal with significant industrial applications but severe health risks. The LD50 value represents the dose required to kill half of a test population, providing a standardized metric for toxicity assessment. Cadmium is commonly used in nickel-cadmium batteries, pigments, and coatings due to its desirable properties, such as corrosion resistance. However, its toxicity necessitates strict handling and regulatory controls to prevent environmental contamination and human exposure. Understanding LD50CD is essential for industries that handle cadmium, as it informs safety protocols and regulatory compliance. Toxicological studies rely on LD50 values to classify substances and establish exposure limits. For B2B buyers, knowledge of cadmium's LD50 is crucial for risk assessment and ensuring safe procurement practices.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Cadmium is a silvery-white metal with a density of 8.65 g/cm³, a melting point of 321.07°C, and a boiling point of 767°C. It is insoluble in water but dissolves in acids, forming toxic compounds. Cadmium's high toxicity stems from its ability to accumulate in biological systems, particularly the kidneys and liver, where it can cause irreversible damage. The metal is highly corrosive and reacts with oxidizers, posing additional hazards during storage and handling. Its carcinogenic properties have led to stringent regulations worldwide, limiting its use in consumer products. Despite these risks, cadmium's unique electrochemical properties make it valuable in specialized industrial applications, such as battery manufacturing and electroplating.
Main Applications
Cadmium's primary applications include nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries, which are valued for their rechargeability and high energy density. These batteries are used in emergency lighting, medical equipment, and aviation. Cadmium is also employed in pigments, particularly cadmium sulfide (CdS), which produces bright yellow, orange, and red hues for plastics, ceramics, and paints. In addition, cadmium coatings provide corrosion resistance for steel and other metals, making them suitable for aerospace and marine applications. Electroplating with cadmium enhances the durability of fasteners and electrical connectors. However, due to its toxicity, alternatives like lithium-ion batteries and non-cadmium pigments are increasingly preferred in many industries.
Safety and Storage
Cadmium exposure poses severe health risks, including kidney failure, lung damage, and cancer. Proper safety measures, such as personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilation systems, are essential when handling cadmium. Workers should avoid inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with cadmium dust or fumes. Storage requires a cool, dry environment, away from acids and oxidizers, to prevent hazardous reactions. Regulatory agencies, such as OSHA and the EPA, enforce strict exposure limits and disposal guidelines for cadmium-containing waste. Industries must monitor air quality and implement engineering controls to minimize workplace exposure. Emergency response plans should be in place to address spills or accidental releases.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring cadmium or cadmium-containing products, B2B buyers must verify supplier compliance with safety and environmental regulations. Certifications such as ISO 14001 and RoHS compliance indicate responsible sourcing practices. Buyers should request material safety data sheets (MSDS) and toxicity reports to assess risks. Price considerations include purity, form (e.g., powder, ingots), and quantity, with reference prices ranging from $10 to $50 per kilogram. Long-term contracts with reputable suppliers can ensure consistent quality and regulatory adherence. Buyers should also explore alternatives, such as cadmium-free batteries or pigments, to align with sustainability goals and reduce liability.
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