Overview
Itaconic acid (C5H6O4) is a naturally occurring organic compound derived from citric acid cycle intermediates. It is commercially produced via fermentation using fungi like Aspergillus terreus or through chemical synthesis. As a bio-based chemical, itaconic acid is gaining prominence in sustainable industrial applications due to its versatility and low environmental impact. The compound is classified as an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, making it a valuable monomer for polymerization reactions. Its molecular structure includes a reactive double bond, enabling it to form copolymers with styrene, acrylates, and other monomers. Itaconic acid is recognized for its role in green chemistry initiatives, offering an alternative to petroleum-derived chemicals.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Itaconic acid appears as a white crystalline powder with a slight odor. It has a melting point of 165-168°C and decomposes upon further heating rather than boiling. The compound is highly soluble in polar solvents like water and ethanol but less so in nonpolar solvents. Its density is 1.49 g/cm³, and it exhibits moderate hygroscopicity, requiring dry storage conditions. Chemically, itaconic acid is stable under ambient conditions but can polymerize when exposed to heat or free radicals. Its two carboxyl groups and one vinyl group make it reactive in esterification, addition, and polymerization reactions. The acid is biodegradable and non-toxic at low concentrations, aligning with eco-friendly industrial practices.
Main Applications
Itaconic acid is widely used in polymer production, particularly for synthesizing polyitaconic acid, styrene-butadiene-itaconic acid (SBI) copolymers, and latexes. These polymers are employed in adhesives, coatings, and superabsorbent materials. The compound’s bio-based origin makes it attractive for sustainable packaging and disposable products. In addition to polymers, itaconic acid serves as a chemical intermediate for producing detergents, plasticizers, and synthetic resins. It is also explored in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery systems and biodegradable implants. The agrochemical industry utilizes itaconic acid derivatives as soil conditioners and chelating agents.
Safety and Storage
While itaconic acid is generally low in toxicity, proper handling is essential to avoid irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles should be worn during handling. In case of contact, rinse affected areas with plenty of water. Storage requires a cool, dry environment in tightly sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption and caking. The compound should be kept away from oxidizing agents and strong bases to avoid unwanted reactions. Shelf life is typically 2-3 years when stored under recommended conditions.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring itaconic acid, prioritize suppliers with certifications like ISO 9001 or ISO 14001 to ensure quality and environmental compliance. Key specifications to verify include purity (≥99%), residual solvent levels, and microbial content for fermentation-derived products. Bulk buyers should negotiate pricing based on volume, with prices commonly ranging between $2-5 per kg. Consider suppliers offering bio-based or non-GMO certifications if sustainability is a priority. Logistics planning should account for the compound’s stability, avoiding prolonged exposure to heat or humidity during transit.