Overview
Isoniazid Powder, chemically known as isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), is a first-line antibiotic used globally for tuberculosis (TB) treatment. It belongs to the hydrazide class of compounds and is highly effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Developed in the 1950s, it remains a cornerstone of TB therapy due to its bactericidal properties and cost-effectiveness. As a prodrug, Isoniazid requires activation by bacterial enzymes to inhibit mycolic acid synthesis, crucial for bacterial cell walls. Its widespread use in public health programs underscores its importance in combating TB, especially in high-burden regions.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Isoniazid Powder appears as a white, odorless crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 137.14 g/mol. It exhibits high solubility in water (approximately 140 mg/mL at 25°C) and moderate solubility in ethanol. The compound decomposes at temperatures above 170°C, precluding a measurable boiling point. Its stability is pH-dependent, with optimal storage in neutral conditions. Light and moisture can degrade Isoniazid, necessitating airtight, opaque packaging. The density of 1.42 g/cm³ and low volatility make it suitable for powder formulations in tablet or capsule production.
Main Applications
Isoniazid is predominantly used in TB treatment regimens, either as monotherapy for latent TB or in combination with rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for active TB. Its bactericidal action targets actively growing tubercle bacilli, reducing transmission risks. Beyond TB, Isoniazid finds limited use in veterinary medicine and research settings for mycobacterial studies. Off-label applications include prophylaxis for HIV-positive individuals exposed to TB. Global health organizations, such as WHO, prioritize its accessibility in developing countries due to its life-saving potential.
Safety and Storage
Isoniazid requires careful handling to avoid occupational exposure. Inhalation or skin contact may cause irritation, and chronic exposure can lead to hepatotoxicity. Laboratories and manufacturing facilities must enforce PPE protocols, including gloves and respirators. Storage conditions mandate protection from light, humidity, and temperatures exceeding 25°C. Bulk quantities should be sealed in polyethylene-lined containers with desiccants. Shelf life typically ranges from 2-3 years when stored correctly, though regular stability testing is advised for pharmaceutical-grade material.
B2B Procurement Guide
B2B buyers should prioritize suppliers certified under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) or equivalent standards. Key documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis (COA) verifying purity (≥98%), heavy metal limits, and residual solvent levels. Procurement strategies should account for regional regulatory requirements, such as FDA or EMA approvals. Large-scale buyers may negotiate tiered pricing, with bulk orders (100+ kg) often discounted. Due to its pharmaceutical use, ensure supply chain transparency to avoid counterfeit products, particularly in high-demand markets.
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