Overview
Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H1 (ITIH1) is a crucial component of the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (IαI) family, predominantly synthesized in the liver and secreted into blood plasma. This glycoprotein plays multifaceted roles in physiological processes ranging from extracellular matrix stabilization to inflammatory regulation. ITIH1 forms covalent complexes with the light chain bikunin, creating functional protease inhibitors. The protein has gained significant attention in biomedical research due to its involvement in pathological conditions including cancer metastasis, osteoarthritis, and severe inflammatory responses. Recent studies highlight its potential as a biomarker for certain malignancies and inflammatory diseases, driving demand in the research reagent market.
Physical and Chemical Properties
ITIH1 is a large glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 120 kDa, containing multiple glycosylation sites that affect its biological activity. The protein exhibits stability in physiological pH ranges (6.0-8.0) but degrades under extreme pH conditions or prolonged exposure to room temperature. Its secondary structure includes both α-helical and β-sheet domains critical for protein-protein interactions. In purified form, ITIH1 typically appears as a white lyophilized powder that requires reconstitution in appropriate buffers. The protein demonstrates optimal solubility in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or Tris-based buffers at concentrations up to 1-2 mg/mL. Care must be taken to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles which can lead to protein aggregation and activity loss.
Main Applications
In research settings, ITIH1 serves as a valuable tool for studying inflammatory pathways and tumor microenvironment dynamics. Scientists utilize it to investigate the molecular mechanisms of extracellular matrix remodeling during cancer progression, particularly in ovarian and prostate cancers. The protein's interactions with hyaluronan make it relevant for connective tissue disorder research. Clinically, ITIH1 measurements assist in monitoring inflammatory conditions and certain malignancies. Diagnostic manufacturers incorporate ITIH1 detection in specialized ELISA kits for research purposes. Some therapeutic development programs target ITIH1 pathways for novel anti-inflammatory or anti-metastasis drugs, creating demand for high-purity recombinant versions.
Safety and Storage
While ITIH1 poses minimal biohazard risk in research quantities, standard laboratory precautions should be followed including glove use and proper disposal. The protein is non-pyrogenic when properly purified, but endotoxin contamination in some preparations may cause experimental artifacts if used in cell culture studies. Long-term storage requires lyophilized or frozen aliquots at -20°C or below, with desiccants to prevent moisture absorption. Reconstituted solutions maintain stability for approximately 1-2 weeks at 4°C when sterile-filtered. For extended use, small working aliquots are recommended to minimize repeated freeze-thaw cycles that compromise protein integrity.
B2B Procurement Guide
Research-grade ITIH1 is typically available through specialized biochemical suppliers and biotech companies, often in quantities ranging from 100μg to 10mg. Buyers should prioritize vendors providing comprehensive certificates of analysis (CoA) detailing purity (≥95% by SDS-PAGE), endotoxin levels (<1EU/μg), and functional activity data. For bulk research applications, consider suppliers offering custom production services with batch-to-batch consistency guarantees. Pricing varies significantly based on purity level and source (native human plasma-derived vs. recombinant). Lead times for specialty preparations can extend to 4-6 weeks, so project timelines should account for procurement schedules.
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