Overview
Indoline-3, chemically known as 2,3-dihydroindole-3, is a heterocyclic organic compound widely used in industrial applications. It serves as a key intermediate in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty dyes. Its unique structure, featuring a fused benzene and pyrrolidine ring, makes it valuable for synthesizing complex molecules. Indoline-3 is typically produced through catalytic hydrogenation of indole derivatives or other synthetic routes. Due to its reactivity, it is often handled in controlled environments to ensure stability and purity. The compound is commercially available in liquid form, with varying grades tailored to specific industrial needs.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Indoline-3 is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a density of 1.04 g/cm³ and a boiling point of 230-232 °C. It is soluble in common organic solvents like ethanol, ether, and chloroform but has limited solubility in water. The compound’s basic nitrogen center contributes to its reactivity in alkylation and acylation reactions. Its molecular formula (C8H9N) and weight (119.16 g/mol) reflect its relatively simple structure, but its versatility in chemical transformations makes it indispensable in organic synthesis. Stability under normal conditions depends on proper storage, as exposure to light or oxidizers may degrade the compound.
Main Applications
Indoline-3 is primarily used as an intermediate in pharmaceutical manufacturing, particularly for drugs targeting neurological and cardiovascular conditions. Its scaffold is found in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and agrochemicals, where it enhances bioactivity. In the dye industry, indoline-3 derivatives contribute to vibrant, lightfast colors for textiles and coatings. Researchers also explore its potential in materials science, such as organic semiconductors. The compound’s demand is driven by its role in synthesizing high-value specialty chemicals.
Safety and Storage
Indoline-3 requires careful handling due to its potential to irritate skin, eyes, and respiratory systems. Personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and goggles, is recommended. The compound should be stored in tightly sealed containers in cool, dry areas, away from oxidizing agents and direct sunlight. Spills should be contained using inert absorbents and disposed of according to local regulations. Safety data sheets (SDS) from suppliers provide detailed hazard and first-aid information. Proper ventilation is essential in workplaces handling indoline-3 to minimize inhalation risks.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing indoline-3, prioritize suppliers with certifications like ISO or GMP to ensure quality. Key procurement criteria include purity (typically 95-99%), CAS number verification, and packaging options (e.g., drums or custom quantities). Request batch-specific analytical reports (COA) to confirm specifications. Prices vary based on volume and purity; bulk purchases may offer discounts. Lead times depend on supplier inventory, so plan orders accordingly. Establish long-term contracts with reliable suppliers to secure consistent quality and pricing.
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