Overview
Indoline, also known as 2,3-dihydro-1H-indole, is a saturated heterocyclic compound derived from indole by hydrogenation of the 2-3 double bond. It is a versatile intermediate in organic synthesis, particularly for pharmaceuticals and dyes. The compound exhibits weak basicity due to the nitrogen atom in its structure, which also makes it reactive in alkylation and acylation reactions. Indoline is commercially available in liquid form, typically with a purity of 98% or higher. Its derivatives, such as indoline-2-carboxylic acid, are critical in drug development, including antihypertensive and antipsychotic medications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Indoline is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a density of 1.06 g/cm³. It has a melting point of -21 °C and boils at 220-221 °C. The compound is soluble in common organic solvents like ethanol and ether but only slightly soluble in water. Its molecular structure includes a benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring, which contributes to its aromaticity and reactivity. Key chemical properties include its ability to undergo electrophilic substitution at the 5- and 7-positions of the benzene ring. The nitrogen atom can participate in hydrogen bonding, making indoline a useful ligand in coordination chemistry. Its stability under normal conditions makes it suitable for industrial applications.
Main Applications
Indoline is primarily used as a building block in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, such as indapamide (an antihypertensive drug) and sertindole (an antipsychotic). Its derivatives are also employed in the production of dyes, particularly for textiles and inks, due to their ability to form stable chromophores. In agrochemicals, indoline derivatives serve as intermediates for herbicides and insecticides. The compound's reactivity allows for modifications that enhance the efficacy of these products. Additionally, indoline is explored in materials science for organic semiconductors and light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
Safety and Storage
Indoline is classified as an irritant, posing risks to skin, eyes, and respiratory systems. Proper handling requires personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and lab coats. Work should be conducted in a fume hood to avoid inhalation of vapors. Storage conditions involve keeping the compound in a tightly sealed container, away from heat sources and oxidizing agents. It is stable under recommended conditions but may decompose if exposed to strong acids or bases. Spills should be contained with inert absorbents and disposed of according to local regulations.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring indoline, buyers should prioritize suppliers with certifications like ISO 9001 or GMP compliance, ensuring product consistency and traceability. Key specifications to verify include purity (≥98% for most applications), CAS number (496-15-1), and absence of impurities like indole or other byproducts. Bulk purchases (e.g., 25 kg drums) typically offer cost advantages, with prices ranging from $50-$200/kg. Request safety data sheets (SDS) and certificates of analysis (CoA) to confirm quality. For pharmaceutical use, additional documentation like DMF filings may be required.
Related Manufacturers
- 主营：聚苯胺、脯氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、苄基三甲基氯化铵
- 主营：聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、叔胺、伯胺、染料中间体
- 主营：增塑剂、草酸镍、阻燃剂、102789、栀子蓝、抗氧剂、偶联剂、异壬酸、1-二十烯、间氟溴苄、异胞嘧啶、磷酸三钾、油墨油剂、洗涤助剂、苯磺酸钠、单体香料、环磺酮酸、分散染料、无机颜料、苹果酸镁、表面处理剂、丙二醇甲醚、化妆品原料、丁酸甘油酯、硅烷处理剂、表面活性剂
- 主营：全氟三丁胺、全氟三乙胺、全氟三丙胺、吲哚啉、全氟聚醚、全氟萘烷、全氟己酮、羟基磷灰石、生物活性玻璃、布洛芬、溴壬烷、磷酸铵、甲乙基、褪黑素、嘧啶钠、莪术油、显色剂、叔丁醇、茜素红、乙氧基、异戊醇、脯氨酸、茚三酮、氯唑沙
- 主营：4-对二氯苄、咪唑、对甲苯磺酸、2-甲基咪唑、防染盐S、黄血盐钾、聚六亚甲基胍盐酸盐、红丹粉、黄丹粉、巴豆酸、巴豆醛、二氢茉莉酮酸甲酯、对苯二甲酸、氢氧化钡、三硫代碳酸钠、丙酮肟、九水硫化钠、碱式碳酸铅、乙醛肟、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、氟化钾、氟化钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钾、醋酸铅
- 主营：DMF、DMAC、二丙酮醇、甲基吲哚啉、四甲基胍、马来酸酐、丙二醇、乙二醇、甲酸、甲醇、十二醇、柠檬酸、己二醇、甘油、四氢呋喃、碳酸丙烯酯、吐温、无水氯化钙、乙酸乙酯、氢氧化钠、二乙醇胺、司盘、过硫酸钠、氧化钙、氯化钾
- 主营：二氢吲哚、氯甲烷、二乙烯三胺、二甲基乙醇胺
- 主营：氧化铜、苯基硫脲、靛红酸酐、手性肌醇、3-丁二醇、棕榈酸甲酯、间苯二甲腈、氮丙啶交联剂、优级品聚苯胺、n-甲基吡咯烷酮
- 主营：吲哚啉、乙酰丙酮氧
- 主营：萃取剂、选矿药剂、金矿硫化矿
- 主营：乙醛酸、铁甲酸、二甲基、2-羟基喹喔啉、2-苯并唑啉酮、2-氨基-5-氯苯酚、羟乙基、草酰胺、3-氯丙炔、邻苯二甲、苯甲酰胺、溴氯海因、3-氯水扬酸、磷酸三甲酯、对羟基苯海因、3-环戊二羧酸、6-二氯异烟酸
- 主营：杀菌剂
- 主营：阻燃剂、仲辛醇、吡唑酮、烘干粉、二乙烯酮、乙酰苯胺、双乙苯胺、桶装增塑、三聚磷酸硅、磷酸二氢胍、甲苯基吡唑、水溶性磷酸、乙酰邻氯苯胺
- 主营：全氟三丁胺、木质素、吉氏色素
- 主营：聚乙烯亚胺、三甘醇二异辛酸酯3G8、三硫代碳酸钠40%、吲哚啉、TS-1钛硅分子筛、六氯环三磷腈、5-甲基靛红、烷基苯磺酸酯、苯基次磷酸钠、甲巯咪唑、吡啶硫酮锌、焦磷酸哌嗪、热敏材料、油酸甲酯、曲酸