Overview
Indium ingot is a refined form of indium metal, typically produced with purities ranging from 99.99% (4N) to 99.999% (5N). It is valued for its unique combination of malleability, conductivity, and low melting point, making it indispensable in high-tech industries. As a rare metal, indium is primarily extracted as a byproduct of zinc refining. Its global supply is limited, leading to strategic stockpiling in some countries. The ingot form ensures easy handling and melting for industrial processes.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Indium ingots exhibit a distinctive silvery-white luster and remain stable in dry air but tarnish when exposed to moisture. With a Mohs hardness of just 1.2, they are softer than lead and can be cut with a knife. The metal's low melting point (156.6°C) allows for easy alloying, while its thermal conductivity (81.8 W/m·K) suits thermal management applications. Chemically, indium resists corrosion from water and alkalis but dissolves in acids.
Main Applications
Over 70% of indium ingots are used in ITO (indium tin oxide) coatings for LCD and OLED displays, where their transparency and conductivity are unmatched. The semiconductor industry relies on indium for compounds like indium phosphide in high-frequency electronics. Other critical uses include low-temperature solders (especially in electronics assembly), thermal interface materials for CPU cooling, and nuclear reactor control rods. Emerging applications encompass thin-film solar cells and quantum dot technologies.
Safety and Storage
While indium metal is non-toxic in solid form, indium dust or fumes from processing may cause respiratory irritation. Proper ventilation and PPE (gloves, masks) are recommended during machining or melting. Store ingots in sealed containers with desiccants to prevent oxidation. Avoid contact with acids or halogen compounds. Waste should be recycled due to indium's strategic importance - recovery rates exceed 90% in most industrial processes.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing indium ingots, prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001 certification and traceable refining processes. Key specifications to verify include purity level (4N/5N), heavy metal impurities, and ingot dimensions (standard 1kg or custom sizes). Due to price volatility (linked to zinc production), consider long-term contracts with price adjustment clauses. Major producers are located in China, South Korea, and Canada. For small batches (under 50kg), specialized metal distributors often offer better availability than miners.
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