Overview
N-Hydroxymaleimide (HMI) is an organic compound primarily used in bioconjugation and polymer chemistry. It features a reactive imide group, making it valuable for crosslinking and modifying biomolecules. The compound is synthesized through the hydroxylation of maleimide derivatives and is commercially available as a white to pale yellow crystalline powder. Due to its reactivity with thiol groups, N-Hydroxymaleimide is widely employed in protein labeling, drug delivery systems, and material science. Its compatibility with aqueous and organic solvents enhances its versatility in industrial and laboratory applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
N-Hydroxymaleimide has a molecular weight of 113.07 g/mol and typically appears as a white to pale yellow powder. It is soluble in polar organic solvents like dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) but exhibits limited solubility in water. The compound has a melting point range of 150-155°C. Its key chemical property is the reactive imide group, which readily forms covalent bonds with thiols (-SH groups) under mild conditions. This characteristic makes it a preferred choice for bioconjugation applications. The compound is stable under dry conditions but may degrade in the presence of moisture or strong acids/bases.
Main Applications
N-Hydroxymaleimide is extensively used in bioconjugation, where it links proteins, peptides, or antibodies to other molecules (e.g., fluorescent dyes, polymers). It is also employed in polymer chemistry to modify synthetic or natural polymers, enhancing their functionality for medical or industrial uses. In pharmaceuticals, HMI serves as an intermediate for drug development, particularly in targeted therapies. Additionally, it is utilized in material science for surface functionalization and crosslinking hydrogels. Its applications span diagnostics, drug delivery, and advanced material engineering.
Safety and Storage
N-Hydroxymaleimide is an irritant and should be handled with gloves, goggles, and protective clothing. Avoid inhalation or direct contact with skin/eyes. In case of exposure, rinse thoroughly with water and seek medical advice if irritation persists. Store the compound in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry place away from light and moisture. Prolonged exposure to humid conditions may degrade its reactivity. For laboratory use, ensure proper ventilation and follow standard chemical safety protocols.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring N-Hydroxymaleimide, prioritize suppliers with certifications (e.g., ISO, GMP) to ensure quality and traceability. Verify the CAS number (21715-90-2) and request a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) detailing purity (typically ≥95%) and impurities. Bulk purchases may offer cost advantages, but confirm storage stability and shelf life. For specialized applications (e.g., pharmaceutical use), opt for high-purity grades. Compare prices from multiple vendors, as costs vary based on quantity and supplier reputation. Consider logistics, such as temperature-controlled shipping for large orders.
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