Human Vinculin
Overview
Human Vinculin is a cytoplasmic protein that plays a pivotal role in cell adhesion by connecting integrin adhesion receptors to the actin cytoskeleton. It is ubiquitously expressed in tissues, particularly in mechanically stressed cells like those in muscles and blood vessels. The protein exists in two major isoforms: vinculin and metavinculin. Research has linked vinculin dysfunction to cardiovascular diseases and cancer metastasis, making it a subject of significant biomedical interest.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Vinculin is a 117 kDa protein composed of 1066 amino acids, with distinct head and tail domains connected by a flexible proline-rich linker region. The protein undergoes conformational changes when activated, exposing binding sites for other proteins like talin and actin. In solution, vinculin exhibits pH-dependent solubility, being most stable in neutral buffers. The lyophilized form is stable for years when stored properly, though repeated freeze-thaw cycles of solutions should be avoided to prevent aggregation.
Main Applications
In research laboratories, human vinculin is primarily used to study cell adhesion mechanisms, particularly in investigations of cancer cell migration and endothelial barrier function. It serves as a marker for focal adhesions in immunofluorescence studies. The pharmaceutical industry investigates vinculin as a potential target for drugs aiming to modulate cell adhesion in wound healing or metastatic cancer. Recent studies also explore its role in mechanotransduction pathways relevant to cardiovascular diseases.
Safety and Storage
As a biological protein, human vinculin requires standard biosafety level 1 precautions. While not inherently hazardous, proper handling with gloves is recommended to prevent contamination and ensure protein stability. For long-term storage, lyophilized vinculin should be kept at -20°C in a desiccator. Reconstituted solutions are typically stable for several weeks at 4°C with protease inhibitors, though aliquoting and freezing at -80°C is preferred for extended storage.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing human vinculin for research purposes, buyers should prioritize suppliers that provide detailed characterization data including Western blot verification and purity analysis. Recombinant vinculin (often E. coli-derived) offers consistency, while native protein may be preferred for certain applications. Bulk purchasers should inquire about lot-to-lot consistency and available customization options (tagged variants, mutant forms). Pricing typically decreases significantly for orders above 5mg, though minimum order quantities vary by supplier.
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