Overview
Human Interleukins (ILs) are a class of cytokines primarily produced by leukocytes, though other cell types also secrete them. They mediate communication between immune cells, regulating responses to infections, inflammation, and trauma. Over 40 subtypes (e.g., IL-1 to IL-38) have been identified, each with distinct roles in immune homeostasis. ILs are pivotal in clinical research for their therapeutic potential in autoimmune diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases. Commercial ILs are typically recombinant proteins produced via E. coli or mammalian cell cultures. They are supplied as lyophilized powders or sterile solutions, often with carrier proteins like BSA to enhance stability. Quality control metrics include SDS-PAGE purity, endotoxin testing, and functional assays (e.g., proliferation or ELISA-based activity).
Physical and Chemical Properties
Interleukins are globular proteins with molecular weights ranging from 15 kDa (IL-2) to 70 kDa (IL-12), depending on the subtype and post-translational modifications. Most are water-soluble and stable at pH 6–8. Lyophilized forms can be stored long-term at -20°C or below, while liquid formulations often require additives (e.g., glycerol) to prevent aggregation. Structural integrity is critical for function, as denaturation (e.g., via heat or extreme pH) abolishes activity. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and circular dichroism (CD) are common techniques to confirm secondary structure. For B2B buyers, certificates of analysis (CoA) should detail conformational stability and bioactivity.
Main Applications
ILs are indispensable in immunotherapy (e.g., IL-2 for metastatic melanoma), vaccine adjuvants (IL-12), and as biomarkers in ELISA kits for inflammatory diseases. In drug development, they serve as targets (e.g., IL-6 inhibitors like tocilizumab) or therapeutic agents (e.g., recombinant IL-11 for thrombocytopenia). In research, ILs are used to stimulate immune cells in vitro, study signaling pathways (e.g., JAK-STAT), or validate antibody specificity. High-purity ILs (>98%) are preferred for crystallography or NMR studies. Emerging applications include CAR-T cell therapy expansion (IL-7/IL-15) and microbiome-immune axis investigations.
Safety and Storage
Recombinant ILs are generally safe when handled under biosafety level 1 (BSL-1) conditions. However, certain subtypes (e.g., IL-1β) are pyrogenic and require BSL-2 practices. Always use gloves, lab coats, and eye protection to prevent accidental exposure. Spills should be deactivated with 70% ethanol or 0.1% SDS. Storage at -80°C in aliquots minimizes freeze-thaw degradation. Avoid vortexing; instead, gently pipette to reconstitute. For liquid formulations, sterile filtration (0.22 μm) is recommended if prolonged storage is needed. Shipping should use dry ice for lyophilized products or cold packs for solutions.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing ILs, prioritize vendors with ISO 13485 or GMP certification for clinical-grade material. Key specifications include: purity (SDS-PAGE/CGE), endotoxin levels (LAL assay <0.1 EU/μg), and biological activity (e.g., ED50 in standardized assays). Bulk buyers should request batch-to-batch consistency data and stability studies. Custom modifications (e.g., His-tags, fluorescent labeling) are available from specialized suppliers. For cost efficiency, consider consortium purchasing or long-term contracts with volume discounts. Lead times vary; recombinant IL-4/IL-10 typically have shorter production cycles than complex heterodimers like IL-23.
Related Manufacturers
- 主营：Elisa试剂盒、生化试剂盒、蛋白试剂盒、白细胞介素16ELISAKit、细胞试剂盒
- 主营：elisa 试剂盒、Elisa试剂盒、进口试剂盒、ELISA检测试剂盒、酶活性检测、酶标仪检测、国产试剂盒、试剂、细胞、酶联免疫法、酶联免疫试剂盒
- 主营：白细胞介素33、elisa试剂盒
- 主营：生物试剂、甲状腺素、活性氧簇、白细胞介素、检测试剂盒、免费代测、促甲状腺激素、孕酮、促黄体生成素、心肌肌钙蛋白、植物试剂盒、试剂盒、实验室试剂、Elisa、定量分析、定性分析、酶联免疫试剂盒、科研试剂盒
- 主营：检测试剂盒、elisa试剂盒
- 主营：试剂盒、ELISA试剂盒、试剂、国产试剂盒
- 主营：白细胞介素1受体抗体、elisa试剂盒
- 主营：人ELISA试剂盒、生化法检测试剂盒、分子学检测试剂盒、大鼠ELISA试剂盒、植物ELISA试剂盒、鱼ELISA试剂盒
- 主营：人白细胞介素28A、elisa 试剂盒
- 主营：elisa试剂盒、酶免试剂盒、通蔚生物试剂盒、检测试剂盒、elisakit
- 主营：ELISA试剂盒、酶联免疫试剂盒、PCR试剂盒、检测试剂盒、生物检测试剂盒、细胞、试剂
- 主营：试剂盒、辅激活因子、elisa试剂盒、人白细胞介素32γ、蛋白、多肽、金标试剂盒、PCR试剂盒、抗生素、氨基酸、血清、抗体
- 主营：白细胞介素试剂盒、植物检测试剂盒、elisa试剂盒、肿瘤坏死因子试剂盒
- 主营：ELISA试剂盒、PCV试剂盒、生化试剂盒、白细胞介素试剂盒、分子生物试剂盒、常规生化试剂盒、ATCC细胞、USP标准品、血清、抗体
- 主营：检测试剂盒、Elisa试剂盒