Overview
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy. It plays a vital role in maintaining the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone to support early pregnancy. hCG is also used clinically in fertility treatments to trigger ovulation and in diagnostic tests to detect pregnancy. Structurally, hCG is a glycoprotein composed of two subunits: alpha (similar to other glycoprotein hormones like LH and FSH) and beta (unique to hCG). Its biological activity mimics luteinizing hormone (LH), making it valuable in reproductive medicine.
Physical and Chemical Properties
hCG is a white or off-white lyophilized powder, soluble in water and saline solutions. Its molecular weight is approximately 36,700 g/mol, and it is stable when stored at 2-8°C. The hormone is sensitive to heat and repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which can denature the protein and reduce its efficacy. The glycoprotein structure of hCG includes carbohydrate moieties that influence its half-life and biological activity. The alpha subunit is nearly identical to LH, FSH, and TSH, while the beta subunit confers specificity to hCG.
Main Applications
hCG is widely used in fertility treatments to induce ovulation in women and stimulate testosterone production in men. It is also a key component in pregnancy tests, where its presence in urine or blood confirms pregnancy. Additionally, hCG is used in hormone therapy and research, particularly in studies related to reproductive biology. In sports, hCG is sometimes misused as a performance-enhancing drug due to its ability to stimulate testosterone production. Regulatory agencies monitor its use closely to prevent abuse.
Safety and Storage
hCG should be handled with care, especially in clinical settings, where improper use can lead to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in women undergoing fertility treatments. Proper storage at 2-8°C is critical to maintain its stability and efficacy. Lyophilized hCG should be reconstituted with sterile water or saline before use. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, as they can degrade the hormone. Always follow manufacturer guidelines for storage and handling to ensure product integrity.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring hCG for B2B purposes, prioritize suppliers with verified certificates of analysis (CoA) to ensure purity and biological activity. The reference price range varies widely ($50-$500 per vial) depending on purity, application, and supplier reputation. Bulk purchases may offer cost savings, but ensure proper storage and handling protocols are in place. Verify compliance with regional regulations, especially for clinical or research use. Establish long-term relationships with reliable suppliers to ensure consistent quality.