Overview
HO-PEG, or hydroxyl-terminated polyethylene glycol, is a linear or branched polymer with hydroxyl end groups. It is a cornerstone of PEGylation technology, where its ability to improve solubility and reduce immunogenicity is leveraged in pharmaceuticals. The compound's versatility stems from its tunable molecular weight and ease of functionalization, making it indispensable in R&D and industrial processes. HO-PEG is synthesized via ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide, with strict control over molecular weight distribution. Its biocompatibility and FDA approval for certain applications underscore its importance in medical and cosmetic formulations.
Physical and Chemical Properties
HO-PEG exhibits a range of physical states depending on molecular weight: low-MW variants (e.g., PEG 200-600) are liquids, while high-MW forms (PEG 1000+) are waxy solids. Its viscosity increases with MW, and it demonstrates excellent thermal stability up to 250°C before decomposition. Chemically, HO-PEG is inert under physiological conditions but can be activated for conjugation via its hydroxyl groups. It is hygroscopic, requiring dry storage to prevent hydrolysis. The polymer's cloud point (solubility temperature) varies with MW and concentration, a critical factor in formulation design.
Main Applications
In pharmaceuticals, HO-PEG is used to modify proteins (e.g., PEGylated interferons) to prolong circulation time. It also serves as a linker in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and a base for hydrogels in wound dressings. Cosmetic applications include moisturizers and surfactant systems due to its humectant properties. Industrially, HO-PEG acts as a lubricant in textile processing and a dispersant in coatings. Emerging uses include 3D printing bioinks and electrolyte additives for lithium-ion batteries, highlighting its cross-industry utility.
Safety and Storage
HO-PEG is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for topical and limited internal use, though high-MW forms may cause gastrointestinal distress if ingested. Workplace handling requires dust control for powdered grades to prevent respiratory irritation. Long-term storage mandates protection from moisture (desiccants recommended) and oxidation (nitrogen blanket for bulk quantities). Avoid contact with strong oxidizers, as PEG can form explosive peroxides under extreme conditions. Shelf life typically exceeds 2 years when stored properly.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing HO-PEG, specify: 1) Molecular weight (e.g., PEG 400, PEG 2000), 2) Purity grade (industrial, pharmaceutical), and 3) Functionalization needs (e.g., mono-/di-hydroxyl). Bulk buyers should request certificates of analysis (CoA) for endotoxin levels and heavy metal content if for biomedical use. Suppliers often provide custom MW distributions or GMP-grade batches for regulated applications. Pricing tiers depend on volume, with discounts common for >100 kg orders. Consider regional logistics—some grades may require temperature-controlled shipping.
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