Overview
Hippuric acid (C9H9NO3) is a naturally occurring organic acid formed by the conjugation of glycine and benzoic acid in the liver. It is excreted in urine and serves as a metabolic byproduct of aromatic compounds like toluene. First isolated in the 19th century, it is now widely studied in biochemistry and occupational health. In industrial contexts, hippuric acid is synthesized for use as a pharmaceutical intermediate and research reagent. Its role as a biomarker for toluene exposure makes it valuable in workplace safety monitoring. Commercial grades typically range from 95% to 99% purity.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Hippuric acid appears as a white crystalline powder with a melting point of 187-191°C. It is sparingly soluble in cold water but dissolves readily in hot water and ethanol. The compound is stable under standard conditions but may decompose at high temperatures. Its molecular structure includes a benzoyl group linked to glycine, giving it both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. This amphiphilic nature influences its solubility and reactivity, making it useful in organic synthesis and analytical chemistry.
Main Applications
In pharmaceuticals, hippuric acid is a precursor for certain diuretics and antiseptics. It also serves as a calibration standard in HPLC and other analytical techniques due to its well-defined properties. Industrially, its primary use is as a biomarker for toluene exposure in urine tests, helping monitor occupational health risks in painting, printing, and chemical manufacturing. Research laboratories employ it to study glycine conjugation pathways and detoxification mechanisms.
Safety and Storage
Hippuric acid is classified as low-toxicity but requires standard laboratory precautions. Use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles to prevent irritation from dust. Ensure adequate ventilation when handling powdered forms. Store in tightly sealed containers at room temperature, away from moisture and direct sunlight. Shelf life typically exceeds two years if stored properly. Dispose of waste according to local regulations for organic compounds.
B2B Procurement Guide
When sourcing hippuric acid, prioritize suppliers with ISO certification or GMP compliance for guaranteed purity (≥98%). Request COA (Certificate of Analysis) to verify CAS 495-69-2 and check for contaminants like heavy metals. Bulk buyers should negotiate pricing for orders above 25 kg, where prices may drop to $40-$100/kg. Consider regional logistics—Chinese and European suppliers often offer competitive rates but factor in import duties. For research-grade material, specify spectrophotometric purity (e.g., UV absorbance criteria).
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