Overview
High-purity cyclohexanone (C6H10O) is a cyclic ketone primarily used as an industrial solvent and intermediate in chemical synthesis. It is a key raw material for caprolactam, the precursor to nylon-6, and serves as a solvent for resins, paints, and adhesives. Its high volatility and solvency make it valuable in coatings and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Produced via oxidation of cyclohexane or phenol hydrogenation, commercial grades typically exceed 99.5% purity. Strict quality control ensures low moisture and impurity content, critical for polymerization processes. B2B buyers prioritize suppliers with ISO certification and batch-wise quality reports.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Cyclohexanone is a colorless liquid with a peppermint-like odor and a density slightly lower than water (0.947 g/cm³). It has a melting point of -16.4°C and boils at 155.6°C, making it suitable for high-temperature applications. The compound is miscible with ethanol, ether, and most organic solvents but has limited water solubility (5-10 g/L at 20°C). Its ketone group renders it reactive in aldol condensations and reductions. Notably, it forms explosive peroxides upon prolonged air exposure, necessitating inhibitor additives (e.g., hydroquinone) for long-term storage. Flash point is 44°C (closed cup), classifying it as a Category 3 flammable liquid under GHS.
Main Applications
Approximately 90% of global cyclohexanone production is consumed in nylon manufacturing. It undergoes oximation to form caprolactam, which polymerizes into nylon-6 fibers and plastics. In the coatings industry, it acts as a solvent for cellulose nitrate, vinyl resins, and natural gums due to its balanced evaporation rate and solvency power. Pharmaceutical applications include synthesizing steroid hormones and serving as a reaction medium. Smaller quantities are used in printing inks, pesticide formulations, and as a degreaser for metals. Emerging uses include lithium-ion battery electrolytes, where high purity (>99.9%) is mandatory to prevent electrode degradation.
Safety and Storage
Cyclohexanone requires careful handling due to flammability (LEL 1.1%–9.4%) and moderate toxicity (LD50 oral rat: 1.62 g/kg). Use explosion-proof equipment and grounded containers to prevent static discharge. OSHA’s permissible exposure limit (PEL) is 50 ppm (skin), necessitating nitrile gloves and vapor respirators in enclosed spaces. Store in stainless steel or polyethylene-lined drums at <30°C, away from oxidizers. Inhibited grades typically contain 0.1% hydroquinone to prevent peroxide formation. Inspect containers quarterly for peroxide crystals; discard if present. Spills should be absorbed with inert material and disposed of as hazardous waste under RCRA regulations.
B2B Procurement Guide
For industrial buyers, prioritize suppliers offering: (1) 99.5%+ purity with GC-MS analysis certificates, (2) inhibitor-stabilized formulations, and (3) ISO 9001/14001 compliance. Bulk purchases (20+ metric tons) commonly reduce costs by 10-15%. Tanker deliveries are economical for >100-ton orders, while 200kg drums suit smaller batches. Key negotiation points include MOQs, Incoterms (FOB preferred for exports), and testing protocols. Sample evaluation should assess color (APHA <20), water content (<0.1%), and non-volatile residues (<0.005%). Long-term contracts with price adjustment clauses help mitigate raw material volatility linked to benzene feedstock markets.
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