Overview
Boric acid (H₃BO₃) is a monobasic Lewis acid derived from boron, widely utilized in industrial and agricultural applications. Its high-purity form (>99.5%) is essential for specialized uses like optical glass and nuclear shielding. Naturally occurring as sassolite, it is commercially produced by reacting borax with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid. The compound’s weak acidity and low toxicity make it versatile across sectors, though regulatory limits apply due to potential environmental accumulation.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Boric acid appears as odorless white crystals or powder with a triclinic crystal structure. It exhibits moderate solubility in water, increasing with temperature, and forms metaboric acid upon heating above 170°C. As a weak acid (pKa = 9.24), it acts as a proton donor only in alkaline solutions. Its unique layered structure enables hydrogen bonding, contributing to stability and flame-retardant properties by releasing water vapor under heat.
Main Applications
In the glass industry, boric acid enhances thermal shock resistance and reduces melting temperatures, critical for borosilicate glass (e.g., labware). It also serves as a cross-linking agent in fiberglass insulation. Agriculturally, it corrects boron deficiency in crops. Other uses include neutron absorption in nuclear reactors, antiseptic formulations, and flame retardants in textiles/plastics. High-purity grades are vital for electronics and optical coatings.
Safety and Storage
While low in acute toxicity, prolonged exposure to boric acid dust may cause respiratory or reproductive harm. OSHA’s permissible exposure limit (PEL) is 10 mg/m³. Store in sealed containers away from strong bases and metals. Use gloves and goggles when handling. Spills should be neutralized with sodium carbonate and rinsed with water. Disposal must comply with local hazardous waste regulations.
B2B Procurement Guide
Buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001 certification and batch-wise purity analysis (typically 99.5%–99.9%). Packaging options include 25 kg woven bags or 1-ton bulk bags, with moisture-proof liners for humid climates. Consider logistics: inland suppliers may offer cost advantages for large volumes. Spot prices fluctuate with boron mineral availability; long-term contracts stabilize costs. Verify SDS documentation for regional compliance (e.g., EU REACH).
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