Overview
Spherical graphite is a processed form of natural or synthetic graphite engineered into spherical particles. It serves as the dominant anode material in lithium-ion batteries due to its excellent reversible lithium intercalation capacity (theoretical 372 mAh/g). The material undergoes multiple purification steps (often hydrofluoric acid treatment) to achieve battery-grade purity (>99.9% C). The spherical shape is created through mechanical shaping processes that optimize particle packing density in battery electrodes.
Physical and Chemical Properties
The spherical morphology provides superior tap density (1.0-1.3 g/cm³) compared to flake graphite, enabling higher energy density in battery applications. Its isotropic structure ensures uniform current distribution during charge/discharge cycles. Key parameters include particle size distribution (typically D50 10-25μm), specific surface area (2-6 m²/g), and degree of graphitization (>90%). The material maintains stability across a wide temperature range (-20°C to 60°C for battery applications).
Main Applications
Over 95% of spherical graphite production supplies lithium-ion battery manufacturers for EV and energy storage systems. The material's consistent performance enables >1000 charge cycles at 80% capacity retention. Secondary applications include conductive additives for plastics, thermal interface materials, and nuclear reactor moderators. Emerging uses encompass silicon-graphite composite anodes for next-gen batteries with higher energy density.
Safety and Storage
As a fine powder, spherical graphite presents dust explosion risks (minimum ignition energy ~10mJ). Facilities should implement ATEX-compliant dust collection systems and ground all equipment to prevent static discharge. Material should be stored in moisture-proof packaging (typically 25kg multilayer bags with aluminum foil lining) under nitrogen atmosphere when specified. Shelf life exceeds 2 years when properly sealed.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize: 1) Certification of impurity levels (Fe <50ppm, S <500ppm critical for battery life) 2) Batch-to-batch consistency in particle morphology 3) Supplier capability to provide technical data sheets with full characterization. Leading production regions include China (80% global supply), Japan, and Germany. MOQ typically starts at 1 metric ton, with pricing tiers at 5-ton and container-load (20-ton) quantities. Sample testing with coin cell evaluation is recommended before bulk orders.
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