Overview
High-density artificial graphite granules are synthesized through high-temperature treatment (2500–3000°C) of petroleum coke or pitch-based precursors, followed by compaction. Unlike natural graphite, they offer uniform properties and adjustable density (1.7–2.2 g/cm³), making them ideal for precision industrial applications. These granules are distinguished by their isotropic structure, which ensures consistent conductivity in all directions. Major producers include China, Japan, and Germany, with grades tailored for lithium-ion batteries, aerospace components, and high-temperature crucibles.
Physical and Chemical Properties
The granules exhibit exceptional thermal conductivity (80–150 W/m·K) and electrical resistivity (5–15 μΩ·m). Their layered hexagonal lattice structure allows for easy lubrication and shock absorption, while their low coefficient of thermal expansion (1–4 ×10⁻⁶/K) ensures dimensional stability. Chemically, they resist most acids (except strong oxidizers like HNO₃) and withstand temperatures up to 3000°C in inert atmospheres. Particle sizes range from fine powders (1–100 μm) to coarse granules (1–10 mm), with surface areas of 1–20 m²/g depending on processing.
Main Applications
In lithium-ion batteries, these granules serve as conductive additives and anode materials due to their high reversible capacity (300–360 mAh/g). The metallurgy industry uses them for crucibles and molds, leveraging their non-wetting properties with molten metals. Other uses include polymer composites (for EMI shielding), refractory bricks (thermal shock resistance), and nuclear reactors (neutron moderation). Emerging applications involve fuel cells and graphene production, where high-purity grades (99.99%) are essential.
Safety and Storage
While non-toxic, graphite dust poses inhalation risks (PEL 5 mg/m³ for respirable dust). Use NIOSH-approved N95 masks and local exhaust ventilation during handling. Store in sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption, which can affect conductivity. In case of fire, use Class D extinguishers for graphite-electrode fires. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers (e.g., chlorine trifluoride) to prevent violent reactions. Spills should be collected with non-sparking tools to minimize dust generation.
B2B Procurement Guide
For battery applications, prioritize ultra-high purity (ash content <0.1%) and fine particle size (D50 <20 μm). Metallurgical buyers should seek coarse granules (2–8 mm) with high density (>2.0 g/cm³). Always request certified analysis reports for sulfur (<500 ppm) and heavy metals (e.g., Fe <100 ppm). Bulk purchases (20+ metric tons) typically secure 10–15% discounts. Lead times vary from 2 weeks (standard grades) to 8 weeks (custom formulations). Key suppliers include Tokai Carbon, GrafTech, and Fangda Carbon.
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