Overview
Propiolonitrile, commonly known as cyanoacetylene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C3HN. It is a colorless liquid with a sharp, pungent odor and is highly reactive due to its triple bond and nitrile group. This compound is primarily used in organic synthesis and as a building block in chemical research. First synthesized in the early 20th century, propiolonitrile has gained attention for its role in the formation of complex organic molecules. Its reactivity makes it valuable in pharmaceuticals and specialty chemicals, though its handling requires strict safety protocols due to its toxicity and flammability.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Propiolonitrile is characterized by its low boiling point (42-43°C) and density (0.91 g/cm³). It is soluble in most organic solvents but only slightly soluble in water. The compound's triple bond and nitrile group contribute to its high reactivity, making it prone to polymerization if not stored properly. Its molecular weight is 51.05 g/mol, and it has a melting point of -51°C. The compound is highly flammable and emits toxic fumes when heated, requiring careful handling and storage in inert atmospheres or under refrigeration to prevent decomposition.
Main Applications
Propiolonitrile is widely used in organic synthesis, particularly in the production of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. It serves as a precursor for heterocyclic compounds and is instrumental in the synthesis of amino acids and nucleosides. In research, it is employed as a model compound for studying reaction mechanisms involving nitriles and alkynes. Its applications extend to materials science, where it is used to create polymers with unique properties, though industrial use is limited due to its hazardous nature.
Safety and Storage
Due to its toxicity and flammability, propiolonitrile must be handled with extreme caution. It should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from heat sources and open flames. Personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and goggles, is essential when working with this compound. Exposure can cause severe irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. In case of spills, neutralize with appropriate absorbents and dispose of according to local regulations. Always use in a fume hood to minimize inhalation risks.
B2B Procurement Guide
When procuring propiolonitrile, verify the supplier's credentials and ensure compliance with safety standards. The CAS number (1070-71-9) should be confirmed to avoid receiving incorrect or impure substances. Prices typically range from $50 to $100 per gram, depending on purity and quantity. Bulk purchases may offer cost savings, but storage and handling requirements must be considered. Request material safety data sheets (MSDS) and ensure proper labeling and packaging to prevent accidents during transportation.
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