Overview
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a synthetic ceramic material with a layered structure similar to graphite, earning it the nickname 'white graphite.' Unlike graphite, h-BN is an electrical insulator, making it valuable in applications requiring both thermal conductivity and electrical isolation. It is chemically inert and stable in air up to 1000°C, with exceptional thermal shock resistance. First synthesized in the early 20th century, h-BN is now produced via high-temperature reactions between boron and nitrogen sources. Industrial grades range from coarse powders to ultrafine nanosheets, with purity levels critical for performance in electronics and aerospace applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
h-BN exhibits anisotropic thermal conductivity (up to 400 W/m·K in-plane), outperforming most electrically insulating materials. Its layered structure provides low friction coefficients (0.2–0.4), comparable to molybdenum disulfide. The material maintains stability in inert atmospheres up to 3000°C and resists attack by most acids, alkalis, and molten metals. Notably, h-BN has a low dielectric constant (4) and high dielectric strength (35 kV/mm), making it suitable for high-voltage insulation. Its optical properties include a white appearance with high infrared transparency, utilized in crucibles for semiconductor crystal growth.
Main Applications
In metallurgy, h-BN serves as a non-wetting release agent for aluminum and glass molding. The cosmetics industry uses micronized h-BN as a slip additive in foundations and sunscreens due to its light-diffusing properties. Electronics manufacturers employ it as heat spreaders in LED substrates and transistor packages. Aerospace composites incorporate h-BN as a high-temperature lubricant for bearings and seals. Recent advancements include its use in 2D material research as a substrate for graphene devices and as a neutron absorber in nuclear applications owing to boron-10 isotope content.
Safety and Storage
While h-BN is generally non-toxic, OSHA recommends controlling airborne dust concentrations below 15 mg/m³ (total dust) and 5 mg/m³ (respirable fraction). Powdered forms may pose minor inhalation risks during bulk handling. No special firefighting measures are required as it's non-flammable. Material should be stored in sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption, which can affect flow properties. Bulk bags require palletized storage with protection against tearing. Shelf life is effectively indefinite when properly sealed, though agglomeration may occur in humid environments.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001 certification for consistent quality. Technical specifications must include: crystalline phase purity (avoid cubic BN contamination), oxygen content (<1% for electronic grades), and median particle size (D50) verified by laser diffraction. For thermal interface materials, seek platelets with >20 μm diameter and orientation-controlled alignment. Cosmetic grades require USP/EP compliance and absence of heavy metals. Consider contract manufacturing for custom surface treatments like silane functionalization for polymer composites.
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