Overview
Carbon hexachloride (C6Cl6), systematically named hexachlorobenzene, is a fully chlorinated derivative of benzene. Historically used as a fungicide, its production and use are now heavily restricted under the Stockholm Convention due to its persistence and toxicity. In modern industry, it serves primarily as a specialized chemical intermediate and research chemical. Pure C6Cl6 forms odorless white crystals with high thermal stability. Its symmetrical molecular structure and electron-withdrawing chlorine atoms make it useful for studying aromatic substitution reactions. Commercial availability is limited to licensed laboratories and industrial users with approved applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties
As a perchlorinated hydrocarbon, C6Cl6 exhibits exceptional chemical inertness. The compound sublimes at 322°C without decomposition, a property once utilized in smoke compositions. Its crystalline structure belongs to the monoclinic system, with chlorine atoms creating strong London dispersion forces that account for its high density (2.044 g/cm³). Despite being non-flammable, C6Cl6 decomposes when heated above 400°C, releasing toxic fumes including hydrogen chloride and phosgene. It demonstrates near-zero water solubility (0.006 mg/L at 25°C) but readily dissolves in nonpolar organic solvents. These properties make environmental remediation challenging once contamination occurs.
Main Applications
Modern applications are strictly controlled. In chemical synthesis, C6Cl6 serves as a chlorine donor in specialized reactions and as a template for creating chlorinated aromatic compounds. Research laboratories use it as a standard for gas chromatography and mass spectrometry due to its distinctive fragmentation pattern. Historically significant as a seed treatment fungicide (banned since 1960s), current uses require specific exemptions under POPs regulations. Some semiconductor manufacturers employ trace amounts as a dopant source, though alternatives are increasingly preferred. All commercial applications now require closed-system processing to prevent environmental release.
Safety and Storage
C6Cl6 is classified as a Category 2 carcinogen and persistent bioaccumulative toxin. Storage requires secondary containment in corrosion-resistant cabinets, maintained at stable temperatures below 30°C. Containers should be nitrogen-purged to prevent moisture absorption and checked quarterly for integrity. Personnel must use chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., Viton), splash goggles, and respirators with organic vapor cartridges when handling. Spills require immediate containment with inert absorbents (vermiculite or activated carbon), followed by professional hazardous waste disposal. Facilities handling >1kg/year typically require environmental permits and air monitoring systems.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO 14001 certification and transparent supply chains. Minimum order quantities typically range 25-100kg, with lead times of 4-8 weeks due to regulatory checks. Essential documentation includes batch-specific Certificates of Analysis (≥98% purity), SDS compliant with GHS standards, and export licenses if shipping internationally. Pricing varies significantly by purity (technical grade 95% vs. research grade 99.5%) and packaging (steel drums vs. glass ampoules). Consider total cost of ownership including waste disposal fees. Some jurisdictions require proof of approved end-use before purchase. Establish return protocols for contaminated or off-spec material.
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