Overview
Guanine is one of the four main nucleobases found in DNA and RNA, where it pairs with cytosine through three hydrogen bonds. First isolated from guano in 1844, this purine derivative plays critical roles in cellular processes including protein synthesis and signal transduction. Industrially, it's produced both through extraction from natural sources and chemical synthesis. As a fundamental building block of life, guanine's molecular structure consists of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with carbonyl and amino functional groups. Its derivatives like guanosine triphosphate (GTP) serve as energy carriers in biochemical reactions.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Guanine appears as a white, odorless crystalline powder with poor solubility in water (approximately 0.11 g/L at 20°C). It exhibits strong UV absorption with maximum absorbance at 275 nm (pH 7), a property utilized in nucleic acid quantification. The compound decomposes rather than melts when heated, with sublimation occurring around 360°C. Chemically, guanine can form stable salts with acids due to its basic nitrogen atoms. It undergoes tautomerization between keto and enol forms in solution, with the keto form predominating at physiological pH. The molecule's planarity and hydrogen bonding capacity make it essential for maintaining DNA's double-helix structure.
Main Applications
In pharmaceuticals, guanine serves as a precursor for antiviral drugs like acyclovir and anticancer medications. Its synthetic derivatives modify drug solubility and bioavailability. The cosmetic industry utilizes crystalline guanine (often called 'pearl essence') in nail polish, eyeshadows, and shampoos for its light-reflecting properties. Molecular biology research consumes significant quantities of guanine for oligonucleotide synthesis and PCR applications. Emerging uses include organic electronics, where guanine derivatives demonstrate semiconducting properties for biosensors and flexible displays.
Safety and Storage
While guanine itself has low acute toxicity (LD50 >2000 mg/kg in rats), workplace exposure to fine powders should be minimized using proper ventilation and PPE. The compound is stable under normal conditions but may degrade upon prolonged exposure to strong oxidizers or extreme pH. For long-term storage, keep containers tightly sealed with desiccants at room temperature. Industrial quantities should be placed in polyethylene-lined fiber drums to prevent moisture absorption. Shelf life typically exceeds 3 years when stored properly.
B2B Procurement Guide
Pharmaceutical-grade guanine (≥99% purity) commands premium pricing and requires certificates of analysis including HPLC purity, residual solvent content, and heavy metal tests. Cosmetic-grade material may have slightly lower purity standards but demands microbiological testing. Bulk buyers should evaluate suppliers' synthesis capabilities and quality control processes, particularly for chiral purity if used in drug manufacturing. Spot prices fluctuate based on raw material (like guano or synthetic precursors) availability. Consider long-term contracts with price adjustment clauses for stable supply chains.
Related Manufacturers
- 主营：科研试剂盒、酶免试剂盒、elisa试剂盒、细胞、生物试剂、进口ELISI试剂盒、PCR试剂盒
- 主营：化学试剂、氯金酸、卡尔费休、鸟苷、乙醇、异丙醇、药用辅料、依地酸钙钠、碳酸钠、盐酸氨丁三醇、龙胆酸、枸橼酸钠、甲醇、氢氧化钠、钴锰催化剂、硫酸锰、乙腈、色谱试剂、助剂、指示剂、醋酸锰、醋酸钴、氨丁三醇、尿素、硼酸
- 主营：大鼠白介素、小鼠脂联素、表皮生长因子、羟基鸟嘌呤糖苷酶1、ELISA试剂盒、细胞因子、重组蛋白
- 主营：回收磷酸、回收废盐、回收工业盐、回收鸟嘌呤、处置副产工业盐、回收混合盐
- 主营：科研试剂盒、酶免试剂盒、elisa试剂盒、人鸟嘌呤核结合蛋白G、生化试剂盒、细胞、生物试剂、进口ELISA试剂盒、PCR试剂盒、生化测试盒
- 主营：elisa 试剂盒、Elisa试剂盒、进口试剂盒、国产试剂盒、试剂、细胞、ELISA检测试剂盒、酶联免疫法、酶联免疫试剂盒、酶活性检测、酶标仪检测
- 主营：Elisa试剂盒、PCR试剂盒、PCR检测、PCR检测试剂盒、核酸检测试剂盒、荧光定量检测试剂盒、荧光定量试剂盒、比色法检测试剂盒、生化试剂盒、比色法试剂盒、酶活性比色法检测试剂盒、酶活性检测试剂盒、微量法检测试剂盒、分光光度检测试剂盒、酶活分光光度试剂盒、ELISA试剂盒、ELISA检测、酶联免疫试剂盒、酶联免疫检测试剂盒、酶联免疫、细胞、抗体
- 主营：聚苯胺、脯氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、苄基三甲基氯化铵
- 主营：聚乙烯亚胺、三甘醇二异辛酸酯3G8、三硫代碳酸钠40%、鸟嘌呤厂家、TS-1钛硅分子筛、六氯环三磷腈、5-甲基靛红、烷基苯磺酸酯、苯基次磷酸钠、甲巯咪唑、吡啶硫酮锌、焦磷酸哌嗪、热敏材料、油酸甲酯、曲酸
- 主营：6-二羟基吲哚、磷钼酸、艾拉莫德中间体、甲基丙二酸、光引发剂、苯芴醇、溴芬酸钠中间体、樟脑醌、钼酸钾、丝素蛋白、盐酸胍、β-丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐、聚二羟基吲哚、7-去氢胆固醇、甘氨胆酸钠盐、半叶素、胆固醇、2-辛基十二醇、蛋白酶K、D-荧光素钾盐、光引发剂LAP、BIS-TRIS、甲基丙烯酸氧杂环丁烷
- 主营：ELISA试剂盒、PCR试剂盒、生化试剂盒、蛋白、抗体、细胞、检测试剂盒
- 主营：科研试剂盒、酶免试剂盒、elisa试剂盒、羟基鸟嘌呤糖苷酶1、细胞、生物试剂、进口ELISA试剂盒、PCR试剂盒、生化测试盒
- 主营：试剂盒、ELISA试剂盒、ELISA检测试剂盒
- 主营：ELISA试剂盒、PCR试剂盒、生化试剂盒、科研试剂
- 主营：试剂盒、elisa试剂盒、细胞、pcr试剂盒