Overview
The hydrated lime series comprises calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) products in various physical forms and purity grades. Produced by slaking quicklime (CaO) with water, these materials exhibit strong alkalinity and reactivity. Industrial grades typically contain 90-95% Ca(OH)₂, with construction-grade variants often including additives for improved workability. In B2B markets, hydrated lime is traded as dry powder, putty, or slurry forms. Powdered varieties dominate bulk transactions due to lower shipping costs and longer shelf life. The material's versatility stems from its dual functionality as a chemical reagent and physical binder, making it indispensable across multiple industries.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Hydrated lime exhibits a crystalline structure when pure, though industrial products often appear as fine white powders. Its solubility decreases with temperature—a unique trait among hydroxides. The compound readily absorbs atmospheric CO₂, gradually reverting to calcium carbonate (carbonation). This property is exploited in construction applications for mortar hardening. Chemically, Ca(OH)₂ is a medium-strength base (pH 12.4 in saturated solution) that reacts exothermically with acids. Its heat of solution reaches -16.2 kJ/mol, requiring careful handling during large-scale slurry preparation. Particle size distribution significantly affects performance, with construction-grade material typically having 85% particles below 45 microns for optimal plasticity.
Main Applications
In construction, hydrated lime improves mortar workability and water retention while reducing shrinkage cracks. Modern masonry blends often incorporate 10-25% lime content. Environmental applications include pH adjustment in wastewater treatment (neutralizing acidic effluents) and flue gas desulfurization, where it captures SO₂ emissions. Agricultural uses encompass soil stabilization (raising pH in acidic soils) and as a fungicidal spray in orchards. The food industry employs food-grade hydrated lime in corn nixtamalization and as a pH regulator. Emerging applications include use in alkaline batteries and as a precursor for nanomaterials synthesis.
Safety and Storage
Hydrated lime requires careful handling due to its caustic nature. Powder forms pose inhalation risks (TLV 5 mg/m³), necessitating NIOSH-approved dust masks during bulk handling. Skin contact may cause chemical burns—impermeable gloves and protective clothing are mandatory for industrial users. Storage must prevent moisture absorption and carbonation. Bulk powder should be kept in silos with desiccant systems, while slurry tanks require agitation to prevent sedimentation. Shelf life typically ranges 6-12 months for sealed bags. Fire risks are minimal as the material is non-combustible, though reaction with acids can generate hazardous heat.
B2B Procurement Guide
Industrial buyers should prioritize suppliers with ISO 9001-certified production facilities. Key specifications to verify include available lime index (ASTM C25), particle fineness (EN 459-1), and magnesium content. Construction projects often require Type N or S hydrated lime per ASTM C207 standards. Bulk purchases (20+ tons) typically offer 15-30% cost savings versus bagged product. Regional availability impacts pricing—coastal areas often have lower logistics costs due to maritime transport options. For slurry applications, consider on-site slaking systems to reduce transportation weight by 40-50% compared to pre-slaked product.
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