Overview
Gonadotropins are a group of protein hormones critical for reproductive health, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Produced in the anterior pituitary (except hCG, which is placental), they regulate gametogenesis and steroidogenesis. In clinical practice, gonadotropins are extracted from human urine or produced via recombinant DNA technology. Their therapeutic use began in the 1930s, revolutionizing infertility treatment. Today, they account for approximately 30% of assisted reproductive technology (ART) medication costs globally.
Physical and Chemical Properties
As glycoproteins, gonadotropins consist of alpha and beta subunits. The alpha subunit (92 amino acids) is common across FSH, LH, and hCG, while the beta subunit confers specificity. Their carbohydrate moieties (15-30% of molecular weight) affect solubility and half-life. These hormones are sensitive to pH extremes (stable at pH 5-8) and proteolytic enzymes. Lyophilized forms retain activity for years when properly stored, while solutions require refrigeration. Activity is measured in International Units (IU), with 1 IU of FSH ≈ 0.11388 μg of WHO 4th Standard.
Main Applications
In fertility medicine, FSH stimulates ovarian follicular growth, while LH triggers ovulation. hCG mimics LH activity and supports early pregnancy. Over 1 million ART cycles annually use gonadotropins worldwide. Veterinary applications include estrus synchronization in livestock. Research-grade gonadotropins are essential for studying reproductive biology. Emerging uses include male hypogonadism treatment and oncology (hCG as a tumor marker).
Safety and Storage
Reconstituted solutions are typically stable for 28 days at 2-8°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which cause protein aggregation. Always use sterile water for injection to prevent endotoxin contamination. Occupational exposure risks are low with proper handling. Clinically, overdose may cause ovarian torsion or multiple pregnancies. All products carry FDA black box warnings for pulmonary and vascular complications.
B2B Procurement Guide
Pharmaceutical buyers should prioritize WHO-compliant standards (e.g., NIBSC references) and supplier GMP certification. Recombinant products offer batch-to-batch consistency but cost 2-3x more than urinary-derived versions. Key due diligence points: verify endotoxin levels (<5 EU/mg), purity (>95% by HPLC), and bioassay potency (within 80-125% of label claim). Large contracts (>$50k) often include stability testing and regulatory support.
Related Manufacturers
- 主营：ELISA试剂盒、PCR试剂盒、生化试剂盒、蛋白、抗体、细胞、检测试剂盒
- 主营：科研试剂盒、酶免试剂盒、elisa试剂盒、生化试剂盒、细胞、生物试剂、进口ELISA试剂盒、PCR试剂盒、生化测试盒
- 主营：加帽酶、甘氨酸、igg抗体、激活剂、激动剂、稳定液、玻璃板、试剂盒、脂蛋白、超纯水、胆固醇、盐酸盐、因质粒、扩容剂、组化笔、驴抗人、预制胶、驴抗兔、生物驴、草甘膦、重组酶、生物素、曲拉通、去除剂、封闭液
- 主营：NIBSC标准品
- 主营：甘氨酸、人高敏、脂蛋白、肠激酶、猪睾酮、硫铁铵、氟洛芬、脂肪素、人蛋白、菌抗体、igm抗体、磷脂酶、蛋白酶、氧化酶、抑制剂、抗体igg、大鼠α1、脂氧素、素受体、蛋白质、样受体、人莱姆、尿素酶、病毒igm、人雌酮
- 主营：人流感、m117-500g、脂蛋白、大鼠促性腺激释放激、0189-100g、猪睾酮、人胰岛、赖氨酸、柚皮素、人新生、人蛋白、e122-100g、柚皮苷、人戊肝、磷脂酶、蛋白酶、fishelisa、皂苷rg3、酮戊二、人轮状、人胆酸、j636-100g、胰多肽、厚朴酚、噻唑蓝、甜菊苷
- 主营：igg抗体、试剂盒、淋巴瘤、大鼠绒毛膜促、测试盒、绿木霉、菌种、细胞、elisa、PCR、荧光PCR、大肠杆菌、标准品、瘤细胞、癌细胞、抗体、核酸染料、elisa试剂盒、荧光PCR试剂盒、核酸检测试剂盒、牙龈卟啉单胞菌、链球菌、检测卡、酶联免疫分析试剂盒
- 主营：染色液、新材料、水苏糖、鸡促性腺、阻燃剂、氮化锶、蒽醌紫、氧氟酸、胎盘肽、喹烯酮、钒酸铵、硫酸锂、钒酸铈、硫酸锶、降钙素、紫苏烯、锂电池、布洛芬、丁酸铝、锑酸钠、烟酰胺、牛磺酸、褪黑素、鸡蛋白、磷酸铁、丙酸铵