Overview
Germ Cell Nuclear Factor (GCNF) is an orphan nuclear receptor encoded by the NR6A1 gene, primarily expressed in developing embryos and adult gonads. As a transcription factor, it plays pivotal roles in embryonic development, particularly in neural tube closure and germ cell maturation. First identified in the 1990s, GCNF distinguishes itself from other nuclear receptors by its unique DNA-binding domain and ligand-independent activation mechanism. Its expression pattern suggests critical functions in maintaining reproductive health and regulating developmental pathways.
Physical and Chemical Properties
GCNF exists as a 526-amino acid protein with distinct functional domains: a DNA-binding domain (DBD) and a putative ligand-binding domain (LBD). The protein demonstrates remarkable stability in physiological conditions but requires proper buffer systems for in vitro applications. Unlike classical nuclear receptors, GCNF appears to function without known endogenous ligands, classifying it as an orphan receptor. Its molecular interactions involve binding to specific DNA response elements (DR0) to modulate target gene expression during critical developmental windows.
Main Applications
In research settings, GCNF serves as a valuable marker and tool for studying reproductive development. Biotechnology companies commonly supply GCNF antibodies and recombinant proteins for developmental biology investigations. The pharmaceutical industry explores GCNF pathways for potential applications in fertility treatments and contraceptives. Recent studies also investigate its role in cancer biology, particularly germ cell tumors, opening new avenues for therapeutic targeting.
Safety and Storage
As a research biochemical, GCNF products require standard laboratory handling procedures. Recombinant proteins should be stored at -20°C in appropriate buffers, with aliquoting recommended to preserve activity. While not classified as hazardous, proper personal protective equipment should be worn when handling concentrated solutions. Manufacturers typically provide material-specific SDS sheets with detailed handling instructions for each product format.
B2B Procurement Guide
Research-grade GCNF products are available through specialty biotech suppliers, with purity levels ranging from 70% to >95% for different applications. Pricing varies significantly based on formulation (antibodies, recombinant proteins, ELISA kits) and quantity. Key procurement considerations include batch-to-batch consistency, species reactivity (human, mouse, rat), and application validation data. Bulk purchases for screening purposes typically range $200-$500 per mg for recombinant proteins, while antibodies may cost $300-$800 per 100 μL depending on specificity and validation.
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